D393 History of Healthcare in America
exam Study Guide with Correct Solutions
1830s - ANSWER The earliest examples of medical specialization occurred in this time period
1950s - ANSWER The time period where specialization became the predominant mode of
practice in the United States
Cultural authority - ANSWER The accumulation of public trust that leads to a sense
of legitimacy, the granting of relative autonomy, and an ability to self-regulate
Johns Hopkins University - ANSWER University founded in Baltimore, MD in 1876
Johns Hopkins Hospital - ANSWER Hospital founded in 1889 and worked in collaboration
with the medical school of the same name
John Hopkins University school of medicine - ANSWER Medical school opened in 1893 in
collaboration with the hospital of the same name. It required more stringent entrance
and curricula requirements than other medical schools at the time
1. Use of rubber gloves during surgery
2. Perform renal dialysis
3. Perform CPR - ANSWER What three practices were the John Hopkins School of Medicine
first to perform?
William Osler - ANSWER A Canadian physician and one of the four founding professors of John
Hopkins Hospital. Considered to be the "Father of Modern Medicine". Played a key role in the
creation of John Hopkins School of Medicine in 1893
, Abraham Flexner - ANSWER American professor who wrote a report for the Council on
Medical Education in 1904 critiquing medical education in the US and calling for its reform
William Welch - ANSWER Physician and founding professor at John Hopkins Hospital ; The first
dean of the John Hopkins School of Medicine and founder of the first school of public health
in the nation, the John Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health
American Medical Association (AMA) - ANSWER Founded in 1847 with the goals of advancing
science, supporting medical education, upholding medical ethics, and improving public
health
Mayo Clinic - ANSWER Founded by brothers William, James, and Charles in 1889 focusing on
clinical excellence, research and the application of that research to patient care, the use of
sterile technique (which had previously been neglected by many practitioners), clear
organization, and collaborative group practice. The first (and one of, if not the, only) facilities
to pay providers a salaried wage.
1. Increased emphasis on Public Health
2. Unsuccessful efforts to contain it represented an important learning opportunity whereby
halthcare providers, organizations, the scientific community, and policymakers need to
respect the nature of disease and be truthful with the public about what they know and do
not know. - ANSWER Two reasons the Spanish Flu of 1918 were important to the development
of healthcare policy and delivery
Sick Funds - ANSWER established to provide compensation to workers who became ill
or injured on the job - prior to the establishment of workers' compensation laws
Workers' Compensation laws - ANSWER Enacted by 32 states between 1910-1915 to provide
remuneration for injured workers
Blue Cross - ANSWER The first "true" insurance established at Baylor University Hospital
in Dallas, TX in 1929. The plan only covered hospital care.
exam Study Guide with Correct Solutions
1830s - ANSWER The earliest examples of medical specialization occurred in this time period
1950s - ANSWER The time period where specialization became the predominant mode of
practice in the United States
Cultural authority - ANSWER The accumulation of public trust that leads to a sense
of legitimacy, the granting of relative autonomy, and an ability to self-regulate
Johns Hopkins University - ANSWER University founded in Baltimore, MD in 1876
Johns Hopkins Hospital - ANSWER Hospital founded in 1889 and worked in collaboration
with the medical school of the same name
John Hopkins University school of medicine - ANSWER Medical school opened in 1893 in
collaboration with the hospital of the same name. It required more stringent entrance
and curricula requirements than other medical schools at the time
1. Use of rubber gloves during surgery
2. Perform renal dialysis
3. Perform CPR - ANSWER What three practices were the John Hopkins School of Medicine
first to perform?
William Osler - ANSWER A Canadian physician and one of the four founding professors of John
Hopkins Hospital. Considered to be the "Father of Modern Medicine". Played a key role in the
creation of John Hopkins School of Medicine in 1893
, Abraham Flexner - ANSWER American professor who wrote a report for the Council on
Medical Education in 1904 critiquing medical education in the US and calling for its reform
William Welch - ANSWER Physician and founding professor at John Hopkins Hospital ; The first
dean of the John Hopkins School of Medicine and founder of the first school of public health
in the nation, the John Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health
American Medical Association (AMA) - ANSWER Founded in 1847 with the goals of advancing
science, supporting medical education, upholding medical ethics, and improving public
health
Mayo Clinic - ANSWER Founded by brothers William, James, and Charles in 1889 focusing on
clinical excellence, research and the application of that research to patient care, the use of
sterile technique (which had previously been neglected by many practitioners), clear
organization, and collaborative group practice. The first (and one of, if not the, only) facilities
to pay providers a salaried wage.
1. Increased emphasis on Public Health
2. Unsuccessful efforts to contain it represented an important learning opportunity whereby
halthcare providers, organizations, the scientific community, and policymakers need to
respect the nature of disease and be truthful with the public about what they know and do
not know. - ANSWER Two reasons the Spanish Flu of 1918 were important to the development
of healthcare policy and delivery
Sick Funds - ANSWER established to provide compensation to workers who became ill
or injured on the job - prior to the establishment of workers' compensation laws
Workers' Compensation laws - ANSWER Enacted by 32 states between 1910-1915 to provide
remuneration for injured workers
Blue Cross - ANSWER The first "true" insurance established at Baylor University Hospital
in Dallas, TX in 1929. The plan only covered hospital care.
