PNR 308 PEDIATRICS Midterm Exam
Questions with 100% Correct Answers
Latest Versions 2025 Top Rated A+
The parents of a preschool child discuss the typical play activities of their child. They
express concern that they have seen their child choose to play the role of "the
aggressive bad guy" in play scenarios and are concerned that he may be developing
aggressive behaviour. They ask if they should stop him from assuming roles in play that
are not acceptable behaviours. What is the best response of the nurse? - CORRECT
ANSWER The nurse should review the cognitive development of the preschool child
and the prelogical thinking typical for the age. Play in the preschool child enables the
child to experience and express multiple roles and emotional outlets. It is common for a
preschool child to be the aggressor, the victim, and the hero or superpower. These
choices do not necessarily indicate a preference for that specific role.
Parents discuss their child's behaviour with the nurse. They state that they are anxious
for their child to succeed in school so he can have all the advantages of a good
education. However, the child does not seem to want their help, nor does he
appreciatetheir efforts to help him. They give the example of a science project that was
due for school last week. His father, an engineer, built the best-looking project for his
child to take to school. "It earned an easy 'A' grade for him." However, the boy didn't
appreciate the help given to him and didn't seem to care about the "A" grade received.
They are worried that school may not have the same meaning for the child as it does
for them.
What is the best response of the nurse? - CORRECT ANSWER The nurse should
review the normal growth and development of the school-age child with the parents and
explain the implications of Erikson's stage of industry. The child needs to master skills
that bring success. When the parents do a project for the child, the child knows he did
not earn the grade received and therefore may not appreciate the grade. The parents
should provide guidance and encouragement but allow the child to achieve his own
successes.
A grade 12 student expresses her concern to the nurse about taking her college
entrance examination. The examination is given early in the morning, which is when she
often feels sleepy and less alert and has trouble concentrating. She states that she
usually studies hard the night before an examination and tries to eat a good breakfast
on the day of the test. The breakfast usually consists of bacon and eggs, a muffin, and
chocolate milk. What is the appropriate response of the nurse? - CORRECT ANSWER
Discuss the nutritional habits of the adolescent. Explain that high-fat and high-
cholesterol meals are slow to digest because they divert blood from the brain to the
gastrointestinal tract for digestion, resulting in decreased alertness. Pastries and muffins
increase serotonin in the brain, resulting in a sleep response. Advising a breakfast of
proteins that increase tyrosine (e.g., turkey, egg whites, soy) and therefore increase
alertness may help this adolescent. Also, review sleep and rest habits before test days.
,A 3-year-old child has been hospitalized for 2 days. She is watching the television
mounted above her bed. She is expressionless but does not cry or appear to be in
distress. Her mother calls on the telephone and states that because her child seems to
be adjusted, she may not come in today to visit because she does not want to "upset
her." How should the nurse interpret the child's behaviour? How should the nurse
respond to the mother? - CORRECT ANSWER Review the stages of separation
anxiety. The child may be in the detachment phase. She needs to be brought out of this
stage or the parent/infant bond may be impaired. Advise the mother to spend as much
time as possible with her child. It is normal for children to cry when parents leave and
this a normal, healthy response. Parents need to be reassured regarding this.
After resuscitation in the emergency department, following a submersion injury, the child
has regained consciousness, is interacting with the mother, and has stable vital signs.
The mother states, "Now that my child is OK I want to take him home." What is the best
response of the nurse? - CORRECT ANSWER All children with submersion injuries
must be admitted for observation. The effects of a submersion injury on the lungs and
brain may not be evident for 24 hours and require professional monitoring. Aspiration
pneumonia is a common complication that may not be evident until 24 to 48 hours after
, the incident. The nurse should help the parents cope with any guilt and shock from the
event.
The nurse enters the room of a child who is in skeletal traction for a fractured femur. He
is sitting in a high-Fowler's position watching television and eating snacks. What nursing
observations relating to the traction would the nurse make, and what interventions are
necessary? - CORRECT ANSWER Sitting in a high-Fowler's position eliminates the
countertraction necessary for effective skeletal traction. The nurse would lower the head
of the bed and be sure that the weights are hanging freely and are off the floor and that
the body is in alignment. The parents/caretakers should be educated on the importance
of positioning for proper healing. Depending on the child's age, he or she could be
taught the importance of not sitting up so high in the bed. To ensure no negative effects
resulted from the high-Fowler's position, the nurse would check the pin sites and
perform a neurovascular check of the toes.
A mother brings her 2-year-old child to the clinic stating that the spica cast has a strong,
unpleasant odour. The child has a temperature of 37.8° C (100° F). He appears to be in
no acute distress and is playing with a small toy car in one hand and has a half-eaten
cracker in the other hand. What nursing intervention is indicated? - CORRECT
ANSWER The child should be assessed for infection through a blood test for CBC. It is
more likely that the child has put food or some small item into the cast. The health care
provider should be notified and an x-ray could be done. The cast may need to be
removed and replaced. The mother needs education regarding keeping small toys away
from the child while the cast is on.
The father of a child diagnosed with cystic fibrosis visits his child in the hospital. He
states that he thinks the hospital food does not agree with his child because he notices
the child has a loose stool with a very bad odour. None of his other children have that
type of stool. He brought some loperamide (Imodium) pills from the drugstore to give to
the child. What is the best response of the nurse? - CORRECT ANSWER A bulky,
frothy, loose, foul-smelling stool is characteristic of cystic fibrosis and confirms the
diagnosis. It is due to the fat in the diet that was not digested. Antidiarrheal medication
is not indicated. The treatment ordered by the health care provider will help with this
problem. The father needs to be taught to tell the nurse or doctor about any medication
that is brought from home and given to the child.
A child who was diagnosed with Kawasaki disease is discharged home with directions
to take a low-dose aspirin tablet once a day. The parent states that she heard that
aspirin is contraindicated for use in children and asks if she can substitute
acetaminophen instead. What is the best response of the nurse? - CORRECT
ANSWER Salicylate therapy (aspirin) is prescribed for its antithrombus properties (to
prevent clot formation), which acetaminophen (Tylenol) does not have. Although use of
aspirin in children is usually contraindicated, in Kawasaki disease it is an accepted
treatment.
Questions with 100% Correct Answers
Latest Versions 2025 Top Rated A+
The parents of a preschool child discuss the typical play activities of their child. They
express concern that they have seen their child choose to play the role of "the
aggressive bad guy" in play scenarios and are concerned that he may be developing
aggressive behaviour. They ask if they should stop him from assuming roles in play that
are not acceptable behaviours. What is the best response of the nurse? - CORRECT
ANSWER The nurse should review the cognitive development of the preschool child
and the prelogical thinking typical for the age. Play in the preschool child enables the
child to experience and express multiple roles and emotional outlets. It is common for a
preschool child to be the aggressor, the victim, and the hero or superpower. These
choices do not necessarily indicate a preference for that specific role.
Parents discuss their child's behaviour with the nurse. They state that they are anxious
for their child to succeed in school so he can have all the advantages of a good
education. However, the child does not seem to want their help, nor does he
appreciatetheir efforts to help him. They give the example of a science project that was
due for school last week. His father, an engineer, built the best-looking project for his
child to take to school. "It earned an easy 'A' grade for him." However, the boy didn't
appreciate the help given to him and didn't seem to care about the "A" grade received.
They are worried that school may not have the same meaning for the child as it does
for them.
What is the best response of the nurse? - CORRECT ANSWER The nurse should
review the normal growth and development of the school-age child with the parents and
explain the implications of Erikson's stage of industry. The child needs to master skills
that bring success. When the parents do a project for the child, the child knows he did
not earn the grade received and therefore may not appreciate the grade. The parents
should provide guidance and encouragement but allow the child to achieve his own
successes.
A grade 12 student expresses her concern to the nurse about taking her college
entrance examination. The examination is given early in the morning, which is when she
often feels sleepy and less alert and has trouble concentrating. She states that she
usually studies hard the night before an examination and tries to eat a good breakfast
on the day of the test. The breakfast usually consists of bacon and eggs, a muffin, and
chocolate milk. What is the appropriate response of the nurse? - CORRECT ANSWER
Discuss the nutritional habits of the adolescent. Explain that high-fat and high-
cholesterol meals are slow to digest because they divert blood from the brain to the
gastrointestinal tract for digestion, resulting in decreased alertness. Pastries and muffins
increase serotonin in the brain, resulting in a sleep response. Advising a breakfast of
proteins that increase tyrosine (e.g., turkey, egg whites, soy) and therefore increase
alertness may help this adolescent. Also, review sleep and rest habits before test days.
,A 3-year-old child has been hospitalized for 2 days. She is watching the television
mounted above her bed. She is expressionless but does not cry or appear to be in
distress. Her mother calls on the telephone and states that because her child seems to
be adjusted, she may not come in today to visit because she does not want to "upset
her." How should the nurse interpret the child's behaviour? How should the nurse
respond to the mother? - CORRECT ANSWER Review the stages of separation
anxiety. The child may be in the detachment phase. She needs to be brought out of this
stage or the parent/infant bond may be impaired. Advise the mother to spend as much
time as possible with her child. It is normal for children to cry when parents leave and
this a normal, healthy response. Parents need to be reassured regarding this.
After resuscitation in the emergency department, following a submersion injury, the child
has regained consciousness, is interacting with the mother, and has stable vital signs.
The mother states, "Now that my child is OK I want to take him home." What is the best
response of the nurse? - CORRECT ANSWER All children with submersion injuries
must be admitted for observation. The effects of a submersion injury on the lungs and
brain may not be evident for 24 hours and require professional monitoring. Aspiration
pneumonia is a common complication that may not be evident until 24 to 48 hours after
, the incident. The nurse should help the parents cope with any guilt and shock from the
event.
The nurse enters the room of a child who is in skeletal traction for a fractured femur. He
is sitting in a high-Fowler's position watching television and eating snacks. What nursing
observations relating to the traction would the nurse make, and what interventions are
necessary? - CORRECT ANSWER Sitting in a high-Fowler's position eliminates the
countertraction necessary for effective skeletal traction. The nurse would lower the head
of the bed and be sure that the weights are hanging freely and are off the floor and that
the body is in alignment. The parents/caretakers should be educated on the importance
of positioning for proper healing. Depending on the child's age, he or she could be
taught the importance of not sitting up so high in the bed. To ensure no negative effects
resulted from the high-Fowler's position, the nurse would check the pin sites and
perform a neurovascular check of the toes.
A mother brings her 2-year-old child to the clinic stating that the spica cast has a strong,
unpleasant odour. The child has a temperature of 37.8° C (100° F). He appears to be in
no acute distress and is playing with a small toy car in one hand and has a half-eaten
cracker in the other hand. What nursing intervention is indicated? - CORRECT
ANSWER The child should be assessed for infection through a blood test for CBC. It is
more likely that the child has put food or some small item into the cast. The health care
provider should be notified and an x-ray could be done. The cast may need to be
removed and replaced. The mother needs education regarding keeping small toys away
from the child while the cast is on.
The father of a child diagnosed with cystic fibrosis visits his child in the hospital. He
states that he thinks the hospital food does not agree with his child because he notices
the child has a loose stool with a very bad odour. None of his other children have that
type of stool. He brought some loperamide (Imodium) pills from the drugstore to give to
the child. What is the best response of the nurse? - CORRECT ANSWER A bulky,
frothy, loose, foul-smelling stool is characteristic of cystic fibrosis and confirms the
diagnosis. It is due to the fat in the diet that was not digested. Antidiarrheal medication
is not indicated. The treatment ordered by the health care provider will help with this
problem. The father needs to be taught to tell the nurse or doctor about any medication
that is brought from home and given to the child.
A child who was diagnosed with Kawasaki disease is discharged home with directions
to take a low-dose aspirin tablet once a day. The parent states that she heard that
aspirin is contraindicated for use in children and asks if she can substitute
acetaminophen instead. What is the best response of the nurse? - CORRECT
ANSWER Salicylate therapy (aspirin) is prescribed for its antithrombus properties (to
prevent clot formation), which acetaminophen (Tylenol) does not have. Although use of
aspirin in children is usually contraindicated, in Kawasaki disease it is an accepted
treatment.
