CD 415 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Deictic Gestures - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Include showing, giving, ritual requests, and pointing.
These gestures precede verbal communication.
Prelinguistic Pragmatic Skills - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Eye contact, joint attention (develops by 18
months), and turn-taking indicate early social communication readiness.
Phonation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅0-1 mo: reflexive sounds, quasi-resonant nuclei.
Cooing/Gooing - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅2-3 mo: back vowels, velar consonants.
Expansion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅4-6 mo: vocal play, raspberries, squeals.
Canonical Babbling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅6-10 mo: reduplicated CVCV syllables (e.g., bababa).
Variegated Babbling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅10-12 mo: varied syllables (e.g., bagido).
Perlocutionary Stage - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅0-8 mo: behaviors have effects but no
communicative intent.
Illocutionary Stage - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅8-12 mo: intentional communication without words.
Locutionary Stage - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅12+ mo: use of actual words to communicate
intentions.
Syntax - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅By 2½ years: children begin using 3-word combinations (e.g.,
Subject-Verb-Object: 'Dog eat bone').
, Copula - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Main verb (e.g., 'He is happy.').
Auxiliary - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Helping verb (e.g., 'He is running.').
Auxiliary Inversion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Used in questions (e.g., 'Is she going?').
Brown's 14 Grammatical Morphemes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Learned in a predictable order (e.g.,
-ing, plural -s, possessive 's).
Free Morphemes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Stand alone (e.g., 'cat').
Bound Morphemes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Attach to words (e.g., -s, -ed).
First Word - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Typically around 12 months (range 10-14 months).
Word Spurt - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Occurs between 18-24 months.
Intelligibility Expectations - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅3 years: 75%, 4 years: 90%, 5+ years: 90-100%.
Theory of Mind - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Understanding others' mental states (cognitive, affective,
empathy).
Speech vs. Language - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Speech: physical production of sounds; Language:
rule-based system of communication.
Receptive vs. Expressive Language - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Receptive: understanding; Expressive:
production.
Language Acquisition Device (LAD) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Innate brain mechanism enabling
humans to acquire language.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Deictic Gestures - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Include showing, giving, ritual requests, and pointing.
These gestures precede verbal communication.
Prelinguistic Pragmatic Skills - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Eye contact, joint attention (develops by 18
months), and turn-taking indicate early social communication readiness.
Phonation - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅0-1 mo: reflexive sounds, quasi-resonant nuclei.
Cooing/Gooing - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅2-3 mo: back vowels, velar consonants.
Expansion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅4-6 mo: vocal play, raspberries, squeals.
Canonical Babbling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅6-10 mo: reduplicated CVCV syllables (e.g., bababa).
Variegated Babbling - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅10-12 mo: varied syllables (e.g., bagido).
Perlocutionary Stage - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅0-8 mo: behaviors have effects but no
communicative intent.
Illocutionary Stage - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅8-12 mo: intentional communication without words.
Locutionary Stage - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅12+ mo: use of actual words to communicate
intentions.
Syntax - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅By 2½ years: children begin using 3-word combinations (e.g.,
Subject-Verb-Object: 'Dog eat bone').
, Copula - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Main verb (e.g., 'He is happy.').
Auxiliary - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Helping verb (e.g., 'He is running.').
Auxiliary Inversion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Used in questions (e.g., 'Is she going?').
Brown's 14 Grammatical Morphemes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Learned in a predictable order (e.g.,
-ing, plural -s, possessive 's).
Free Morphemes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Stand alone (e.g., 'cat').
Bound Morphemes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Attach to words (e.g., -s, -ed).
First Word - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Typically around 12 months (range 10-14 months).
Word Spurt - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Occurs between 18-24 months.
Intelligibility Expectations - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅3 years: 75%, 4 years: 90%, 5+ years: 90-100%.
Theory of Mind - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Understanding others' mental states (cognitive, affective,
empathy).
Speech vs. Language - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Speech: physical production of sounds; Language:
rule-based system of communication.
Receptive vs. Expressive Language - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Receptive: understanding; Expressive:
production.
Language Acquisition Device (LAD) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Innate brain mechanism enabling
humans to acquire language.
