Primary Care 608 Set 1 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT AND VERIFIED ANSWERS.
What leads show axis deviations? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Lead I
Lead aVF
What is normal axis deviation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Between 0 and +90
What is right axis deviation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅+90 to +180
negative lead I
positive aVF
What is left axis deviation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅0 to -90
positive lead I
negative aVF
What are some causes of right axis deviation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅COPD
Pulm Embolism
Pulm HTN
Cor Pulmonale
Congenital Heart Dz
RBBB
RVH- d/t pulmonary conditions
Anterior MI
What are some causes of left axis deviation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Ischemic Heart Dz
,Systematic HTN
Aortic Stenosis
LV disorders (LVH)
Aortic Valve Dz
WPW
LBBB
Inferior MI
What are causes of R BBB? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅anteroseptal MI
upright
What are causes of L BBB? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅significant myocardial disease
inverted
Irregular rhythm that cycles with breathing is....? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅sinus arrhythmia
Presentation of patient with sinus brady - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- hypotension
- dizziness, syncope
- cool, clammy skin
- ischemia, CP, HF
Causes of sinus brady - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- vasovagal
- calcium channel, BB, digoxin
- cardiac dz (MI)
- hypothyroid
- sick sinus
-carotid hypersensitivity
- increased ICP
,- hypoglycemia
- hyperkalemia
- hypoxia
- hypothermia
- glaucoma
Management of sinus bradycardia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- 12-lead EKG
- no treatment if no symptoms
- NS bolus, oxygen
When should you send a patient with sinus bradycardia to higher care/consult? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅- HR < 50
- hypotension
- dyspnea
- anginal complaints
What are pharmacologic causes of sinus tachycardia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- sympathetic
agents
- meth, cocaine
- caffeine
- bronchodilators
What are pathophysiologic causes of sinus tachycardia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- fever
- dehydration
- hemorrhage
- PE
- hypoxemia, ischemia, infarction
- hyperthyroidism
- anxiety
, When to send a patient with sinus tachycardia to higher level of care/consult - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅If unexplained HR >110
What are some external causes of PACs? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- caffeine
- alcohol
- nicotine
- cocaine
- digoxin toxicity
What are some pathophysiologic causes of PACs? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- can precede SVT, a
flutter, AF
- atrial hypertrophy
- HF
- MI
- COPD
- fatigue, stress
- hypokalemia
- fevers
Management of PACs - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- usually benign
- evaluate associated problem
- atenolol 50mg daily or metoprolol 100mg
Criteria for multifocal atrial tachycardia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- at least 3 foci above AV node
- PP, PR and RR vary bc foci keeps changing
- rate > 100
CORRECT AND VERIFIED ANSWERS.
What leads show axis deviations? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Lead I
Lead aVF
What is normal axis deviation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Between 0 and +90
What is right axis deviation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅+90 to +180
negative lead I
positive aVF
What is left axis deviation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅0 to -90
positive lead I
negative aVF
What are some causes of right axis deviation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅COPD
Pulm Embolism
Pulm HTN
Cor Pulmonale
Congenital Heart Dz
RBBB
RVH- d/t pulmonary conditions
Anterior MI
What are some causes of left axis deviation? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Ischemic Heart Dz
,Systematic HTN
Aortic Stenosis
LV disorders (LVH)
Aortic Valve Dz
WPW
LBBB
Inferior MI
What are causes of R BBB? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅anteroseptal MI
upright
What are causes of L BBB? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅significant myocardial disease
inverted
Irregular rhythm that cycles with breathing is....? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅sinus arrhythmia
Presentation of patient with sinus brady - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- hypotension
- dizziness, syncope
- cool, clammy skin
- ischemia, CP, HF
Causes of sinus brady - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- vasovagal
- calcium channel, BB, digoxin
- cardiac dz (MI)
- hypothyroid
- sick sinus
-carotid hypersensitivity
- increased ICP
,- hypoglycemia
- hyperkalemia
- hypoxia
- hypothermia
- glaucoma
Management of sinus bradycardia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- 12-lead EKG
- no treatment if no symptoms
- NS bolus, oxygen
When should you send a patient with sinus bradycardia to higher care/consult? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅- HR < 50
- hypotension
- dyspnea
- anginal complaints
What are pharmacologic causes of sinus tachycardia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- sympathetic
agents
- meth, cocaine
- caffeine
- bronchodilators
What are pathophysiologic causes of sinus tachycardia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- fever
- dehydration
- hemorrhage
- PE
- hypoxemia, ischemia, infarction
- hyperthyroidism
- anxiety
, When to send a patient with sinus tachycardia to higher level of care/consult - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅If unexplained HR >110
What are some external causes of PACs? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- caffeine
- alcohol
- nicotine
- cocaine
- digoxin toxicity
What are some pathophysiologic causes of PACs? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- can precede SVT, a
flutter, AF
- atrial hypertrophy
- HF
- MI
- COPD
- fatigue, stress
- hypokalemia
- fevers
Management of PACs - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- usually benign
- evaluate associated problem
- atenolol 50mg daily or metoprolol 100mg
Criteria for multifocal atrial tachycardia? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅- at least 3 foci above AV node
- PP, PR and RR vary bc foci keeps changing
- rate > 100
