COMBANK Review - Questions With Precise
Solutions
What is the MOA of Clozapine? Correct Answer - Serotonin
5HT2A (main) and Dopamine 2 (secondary) antagonism.
ADR of agranulocytosis (decreased neutrophils)
What is the gene affected and symptoms seen in McCune-Albright
Syndrome? Correct Answer - McCune-Albright Syndrome is
caused by GNAS gene mutation which increases pituitary hormones
GnRH, LH, and FSH.
Precocious puberty, café-au-lait macules, and fibrous dysplasia (fx)
of bone is seen. May also see thyrotoxicosis, Cushing, or Acromegaly.
What is Struma ovarii? Correct Answer - Struma ovarii is an
ovarian tumor that contains ectopic thyroid tissue.
Increased T3 and T4 will be seen causing symptoms of
hyperthyroidism.
What kind of aphasia is seen if the Arcuate fasiculus is injured?
Correct Answer - Conduction aphasia.
The arcuate fasiculus connects Broca's to Wernicke's. Patients
cannot repeat unfamiliar words is the only deficit seen.
What is seen in Aspirin toxicity?
What is the pathogenesis?
What is the treatment? Correct Answer - Aspirin toxicity
causes respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis. Fever, Tinnitus,
and Pulmonary edema may also be seen. Excess leukotrienes can
cause bronchospasm. This is due to uncoupling of oxidative
phosphorylation.
,Antidote is Sodium Bicarbonate.
(Ethylene glycol and Ethanol toxicity both cause metabolic acidosis)
What is the antidote for aspirin toxicity? Correct Answer -
Sodium bicarbonate.
Patient will present with respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis,
fever, tinnitus, and pulmonary edema.
What ADR is seen with the RIPE drugs used to treat TB? Correct
Answer - Rifampin ADR: red-orange secretions
Isoniazid ADR: B6 deficiency causing peripheral neuritis
Pyrazinamide ADR: increased uric acid causing gout
Ethambutol ADR: red-green color blindness
Where does the anterior cruciate ligament insert and attach?
Correct Answer - ACL originates at the posterior aspect of the
lateral femoral condyle and inserts at the anterio-medial tibial
plateau.
What is subacute granulomatous thyroiditis? Correct Answer -
Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis is also called de Quervian
thyroiditis. painful swelling of the thyroid gland triggered by a viral
infection causing hyperthyroidism.
(Amiodarone is the most common cause of drug induced
hyperthyroidism)
What is the BBW for Hydroxyurea? Correct Answer -
Hydroxyurea is used to treat sickle cell disease and has a BBW of
myelosuppression
,What does maternal lithium use cause in the newborn? Correct
Answer - Maternal litium use causes Ebstein anomaly.
"downward/apical displacement of tricuspid leaflets". This leads to
right atrial enlargement.
What major symptom can occur in Giant cell arteritis? Correct
Answer - optic nerve damage.
unilateral temporal headache may be presenting symptom
(standard tx is high dose glucocorticoids)
What are the 4 symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot? Correct Answer -
ToF= pulmonic valve stenosis, RV hypertrophy, overriding aorta,
and VSD.
"boot shaped heart"
What are the symptoms of MEN1, MEN2A, and MEN2B? Correct
Answer - MEN1: hyperparathyroidism (*hypercalcemia*),
pituitary tumor, and pancreatic tumor (gastrinoma)
MEN2A: RET mutation causing medullary thyroid cancer
(*hypocalcemia* from increased calcitonin), pheochromocytoma,
and hyperparathyroidism.
MEN2B= same as 2A but no hyperparathyroidism and has
*marfanoid body with mucosal neuromas*
What are the properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
What is the main virulence factor? Correct Answer - P.
aeruginosa is a gram negative rod, motile, oxidase positive, and
lactose non-fermenting.
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces an exotoxin that inactivates
elongation factor-2, leading to inhibition of protein synthesis*
, What causes Multiple Sclerosis? Correct Answer -
demyelination of the CNS due to autoimmune oligodendrocyte
injury
What is Fomepizol used for and what is its MOA? Correct Answer
- Fomepizol inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and is used to treat
methanol and ethylene glycol toxicity
What is Eisenmenger Syndrome? Correct Answer -
Eisenmenger Syndrome is due to a VSD, ASD, or PDA that over the
course of 20 years, causes cyanosis and pulmonary hypertension
from a R to L shunt.
(can be seen in DiGeorge syndrome)
What is Atopy? Correct Answer - Atopy is the genetic
predisposition to develop IgE antibodies against environment
allergens.
What are the genetic causes of Prader Willi and Angelman?
Correct Answer - Prader Willi is due to paternal deletion of
chromosome 15
Angelman is due to maternal deletion of chromosome 15
What is Identification defense mechanism? Correct Answer -
Modeling behavior after another person who is more powerful (eg.
abused child identifies himself with an abuser).
What is Fixation defense mechanism? Correct Answer -
Partially remaining at a more childish level of development (eg.
adult men fixating on sports games).
Solutions
What is the MOA of Clozapine? Correct Answer - Serotonin
5HT2A (main) and Dopamine 2 (secondary) antagonism.
ADR of agranulocytosis (decreased neutrophils)
What is the gene affected and symptoms seen in McCune-Albright
Syndrome? Correct Answer - McCune-Albright Syndrome is
caused by GNAS gene mutation which increases pituitary hormones
GnRH, LH, and FSH.
Precocious puberty, café-au-lait macules, and fibrous dysplasia (fx)
of bone is seen. May also see thyrotoxicosis, Cushing, or Acromegaly.
What is Struma ovarii? Correct Answer - Struma ovarii is an
ovarian tumor that contains ectopic thyroid tissue.
Increased T3 and T4 will be seen causing symptoms of
hyperthyroidism.
What kind of aphasia is seen if the Arcuate fasiculus is injured?
Correct Answer - Conduction aphasia.
The arcuate fasiculus connects Broca's to Wernicke's. Patients
cannot repeat unfamiliar words is the only deficit seen.
What is seen in Aspirin toxicity?
What is the pathogenesis?
What is the treatment? Correct Answer - Aspirin toxicity
causes respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis. Fever, Tinnitus,
and Pulmonary edema may also be seen. Excess leukotrienes can
cause bronchospasm. This is due to uncoupling of oxidative
phosphorylation.
,Antidote is Sodium Bicarbonate.
(Ethylene glycol and Ethanol toxicity both cause metabolic acidosis)
What is the antidote for aspirin toxicity? Correct Answer -
Sodium bicarbonate.
Patient will present with respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis,
fever, tinnitus, and pulmonary edema.
What ADR is seen with the RIPE drugs used to treat TB? Correct
Answer - Rifampin ADR: red-orange secretions
Isoniazid ADR: B6 deficiency causing peripheral neuritis
Pyrazinamide ADR: increased uric acid causing gout
Ethambutol ADR: red-green color blindness
Where does the anterior cruciate ligament insert and attach?
Correct Answer - ACL originates at the posterior aspect of the
lateral femoral condyle and inserts at the anterio-medial tibial
plateau.
What is subacute granulomatous thyroiditis? Correct Answer -
Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis is also called de Quervian
thyroiditis. painful swelling of the thyroid gland triggered by a viral
infection causing hyperthyroidism.
(Amiodarone is the most common cause of drug induced
hyperthyroidism)
What is the BBW for Hydroxyurea? Correct Answer -
Hydroxyurea is used to treat sickle cell disease and has a BBW of
myelosuppression
,What does maternal lithium use cause in the newborn? Correct
Answer - Maternal litium use causes Ebstein anomaly.
"downward/apical displacement of tricuspid leaflets". This leads to
right atrial enlargement.
What major symptom can occur in Giant cell arteritis? Correct
Answer - optic nerve damage.
unilateral temporal headache may be presenting symptom
(standard tx is high dose glucocorticoids)
What are the 4 symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot? Correct Answer -
ToF= pulmonic valve stenosis, RV hypertrophy, overriding aorta,
and VSD.
"boot shaped heart"
What are the symptoms of MEN1, MEN2A, and MEN2B? Correct
Answer - MEN1: hyperparathyroidism (*hypercalcemia*),
pituitary tumor, and pancreatic tumor (gastrinoma)
MEN2A: RET mutation causing medullary thyroid cancer
(*hypocalcemia* from increased calcitonin), pheochromocytoma,
and hyperparathyroidism.
MEN2B= same as 2A but no hyperparathyroidism and has
*marfanoid body with mucosal neuromas*
What are the properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?
What is the main virulence factor? Correct Answer - P.
aeruginosa is a gram negative rod, motile, oxidase positive, and
lactose non-fermenting.
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces an exotoxin that inactivates
elongation factor-2, leading to inhibition of protein synthesis*
, What causes Multiple Sclerosis? Correct Answer -
demyelination of the CNS due to autoimmune oligodendrocyte
injury
What is Fomepizol used for and what is its MOA? Correct Answer
- Fomepizol inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and is used to treat
methanol and ethylene glycol toxicity
What is Eisenmenger Syndrome? Correct Answer -
Eisenmenger Syndrome is due to a VSD, ASD, or PDA that over the
course of 20 years, causes cyanosis and pulmonary hypertension
from a R to L shunt.
(can be seen in DiGeorge syndrome)
What is Atopy? Correct Answer - Atopy is the genetic
predisposition to develop IgE antibodies against environment
allergens.
What are the genetic causes of Prader Willi and Angelman?
Correct Answer - Prader Willi is due to paternal deletion of
chromosome 15
Angelman is due to maternal deletion of chromosome 15
What is Identification defense mechanism? Correct Answer -
Modeling behavior after another person who is more powerful (eg.
abused child identifies himself with an abuser).
What is Fixation defense mechanism? Correct Answer -
Partially remaining at a more childish level of development (eg.
adult men fixating on sports games).
