Bio 2301 Human Physiology - Exam 3
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Where do blood cells develop? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Red bone marrow
- About 2 million new RBCs are produced every second
RBC development steps - CORRECT ANSWER - - Hemosytoblast (occurs in red bone
marrow)
- Reticulocyte (young RBC - red bone marrow)
- Erythrocyte (REC - occurs in blood stream)
Hematopoiesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Blood cell formation
Erythropoiesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Red blood cell formation
Function and types of white blood cells - CORRECT ANSWER - - Function in
phagocytosis, immunity, protection
- Types: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes
Function of platelets - CORRECT ANSWER - Play a role in blood clotting
Function of RBCs - CORRECT ANSWER - - Oxygen transport
What is the significance of a bioconcave disk shape of RBCs? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Allows for a high surface to volume ratio so oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse rapidly to
and from the interior of the RBC
,Function of erythropoietin - CORRECT ANSWER - - A hormone made by the kidney that
stimulates RBC production
- Released whenever pO2 is low (lung disease, heart disease, anemia, or high altitudes)
RBC average life in the circulation - CORRECT ANSWER - - Lifespan of RBC: 120 days
- During their lifespan they carry oxygen
- As they approach the end of their lifespan, they become stiff and rigid and become stuck in
small blood vessels - must be removed from blood
Removal of RBCs from the blood - CORRECT ANSWER - - Done in the small capillaries
of liver and spleen
- When RBCs get stuck in those capillaries, they are destroyed by phagocytic cells
Breakdown of RBCs - CORRECT ANSWER -
What happens when bilirubin accumulates? - CORRECT ANSWER - - The person will
turn yellow because bilirubin is a yellow-orange pigment
- Can happen when RBCs are being broken down too fast or if the bile can't get into the small
intestine or with liver failure
Antigen - CORRECT ANSWER - - on RBC membranes
- Like "cell name tags"
- Recognized by cells of the immune system so the immune system knows which RBC are "self"
and which are "non-self"
Antibody - CORRECT ANSWER - - Consists of antigens A & B and antibodies against A
&B
- A & B antigens are codominant
- The antibodies are preformed, meaning that you have them even if you have never been
exposed to foreign blood
, - Whatever antigens you have is what blood type you are
- You have antibodies against whatever antigens you don't have
Four blood types in the ABO system - CORRECT ANSWER - - Type AB: has A & B
antigents on RBC and no antibodies
- Type A: has antigens on RBC and antibodies against B in plasma
- Type B: has antigens on RBC and antibodies against A in plasma
- Type O: has no antigens on RBC and antibodies against A & B
Rh System - CORRECT ANSWER - - Involves a different antigen on the RBC
membranes, the Rh antigen
- If someone has the antigen, they are Rh positive and they will not make the antibodies against
Rh
- If someone does not have the antigen, they are Rh negative and they will make antibodies
against Rh
Erythroblastosis fetalis - CORRECT ANSWER - - A problem when you have an Rh
negative mother pregnant with Rh positive baby
- During pregnancy, there is no mixing of mother's and baby's blood, however at the time of
placental separation, some of the baby's blood can enter the mother's bloodstream
- The mother recognizes the RH antigens as foreign and fights against those RBCs by making
antibodies against RH
- The next time a woman gets pregnant with an Rh positive baby, her antibodies will enter that
baby's bloodstream and destroy the baby's RBCs - if that baby lives to be born, it will be very
anemic and need a complete blood transfusion at birth
How do you prevent erythroblastosis fetalis? - CORRECT ANSWER - RHoGAM
injections given to Rh negative mothers during pregnancy?
What is hemostasis? - CORRECT ANSWER - The stoppage of bleeding and consists of
three processes: vasospasm, platelet plug formation, and blood clotting
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Where do blood cells develop? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Red bone marrow
- About 2 million new RBCs are produced every second
RBC development steps - CORRECT ANSWER - - Hemosytoblast (occurs in red bone
marrow)
- Reticulocyte (young RBC - red bone marrow)
- Erythrocyte (REC - occurs in blood stream)
Hematopoiesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Blood cell formation
Erythropoiesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Red blood cell formation
Function and types of white blood cells - CORRECT ANSWER - - Function in
phagocytosis, immunity, protection
- Types: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes
Function of platelets - CORRECT ANSWER - Play a role in blood clotting
Function of RBCs - CORRECT ANSWER - - Oxygen transport
What is the significance of a bioconcave disk shape of RBCs? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Allows for a high surface to volume ratio so oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse rapidly to
and from the interior of the RBC
,Function of erythropoietin - CORRECT ANSWER - - A hormone made by the kidney that
stimulates RBC production
- Released whenever pO2 is low (lung disease, heart disease, anemia, or high altitudes)
RBC average life in the circulation - CORRECT ANSWER - - Lifespan of RBC: 120 days
- During their lifespan they carry oxygen
- As they approach the end of their lifespan, they become stiff and rigid and become stuck in
small blood vessels - must be removed from blood
Removal of RBCs from the blood - CORRECT ANSWER - - Done in the small capillaries
of liver and spleen
- When RBCs get stuck in those capillaries, they are destroyed by phagocytic cells
Breakdown of RBCs - CORRECT ANSWER -
What happens when bilirubin accumulates? - CORRECT ANSWER - - The person will
turn yellow because bilirubin is a yellow-orange pigment
- Can happen when RBCs are being broken down too fast or if the bile can't get into the small
intestine or with liver failure
Antigen - CORRECT ANSWER - - on RBC membranes
- Like "cell name tags"
- Recognized by cells of the immune system so the immune system knows which RBC are "self"
and which are "non-self"
Antibody - CORRECT ANSWER - - Consists of antigens A & B and antibodies against A
&B
- A & B antigens are codominant
- The antibodies are preformed, meaning that you have them even if you have never been
exposed to foreign blood
, - Whatever antigens you have is what blood type you are
- You have antibodies against whatever antigens you don't have
Four blood types in the ABO system - CORRECT ANSWER - - Type AB: has A & B
antigents on RBC and no antibodies
- Type A: has antigens on RBC and antibodies against B in plasma
- Type B: has antigens on RBC and antibodies against A in plasma
- Type O: has no antigens on RBC and antibodies against A & B
Rh System - CORRECT ANSWER - - Involves a different antigen on the RBC
membranes, the Rh antigen
- If someone has the antigen, they are Rh positive and they will not make the antibodies against
Rh
- If someone does not have the antigen, they are Rh negative and they will make antibodies
against Rh
Erythroblastosis fetalis - CORRECT ANSWER - - A problem when you have an Rh
negative mother pregnant with Rh positive baby
- During pregnancy, there is no mixing of mother's and baby's blood, however at the time of
placental separation, some of the baby's blood can enter the mother's bloodstream
- The mother recognizes the RH antigens as foreign and fights against those RBCs by making
antibodies against RH
- The next time a woman gets pregnant with an Rh positive baby, her antibodies will enter that
baby's bloodstream and destroy the baby's RBCs - if that baby lives to be born, it will be very
anemic and need a complete blood transfusion at birth
How do you prevent erythroblastosis fetalis? - CORRECT ANSWER - RHoGAM
injections given to Rh negative mothers during pregnancy?
What is hemostasis? - CORRECT ANSWER - The stoppage of bleeding and consists of
three processes: vasospasm, platelet plug formation, and blood clotting
