COMSAE ALL EXAMS | QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS | 100%
CORRECT | RATED A+ | 2025/2026
GUIDE
Digoxin- MOA - Correct Answer - Direct inhibition of Na/K ATPase -->
indirect inhibition of Na/Ca exchange
Increased Calcium concentration --> positive ionotropy.
Stimulates vagus nerve --> decrease HR
Digoxin- Clinical use - Correct Answer - Heart failure (increase
contractility)
atrial fibrillation (decrease conduction at AV node and depression of SA
node)
Digoxin- AE - Correct Answer - Hyperkalemia, blurry yellow vision,
arrhythmias, AV block
Digoxin Toxicity- Treatment - Correct Answer - Slowly normalize K+,
cardiac pacer, anti-digoxin Fab fragments, Mg+
Beta Blockers- Mechanism - Correct Answer - Decrease SA and AV
nodal activity by decreasing cAMP/Ca2+
Decrease slope of phase 4
,Beta Blockers- Use - Correct Answer - SVT, ventricular rate control for a-
fib and a-flutter
Beta Blockers- AE - Correct Answer - Exacerbation of COPD/asthma
CV effects: bradycardia, AV block, HF
Metronidazole- MOA - Correct Answer - Forms toxic free radical
metabolites in bacteria.
Bacteriocidal
Metronidazole- Clinical Use - Correct Answer - GET GAP
Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella vaginalis, Anaerobes (C.
diff), H. Pylori (penicillin injury)
(Anaerobic infection below the diaphragm)
Metronidazole- AE - Correct Answer - Disulfiram-like reaction (flushing,
tachycardia, hypotension) with alcohol.
Headache, metallic taste
Typical antipsychotics (-azine)- MOA - Correct Answer - Block dopamine
D2 receptor --> increase cAMP
Typical antipsychotics - Clinical Use - Correct Answer - Schizophrenia,
pyschosis, bipolar, Huntington, OCD
Typical antipsychotics - AE - Correct Answer - EPS (ADAPT)- Acute
dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia
, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (Malignant FEVER)- Myogllobinuria,
fever, encephalopathy, vitals, increased enzymes, muscle rigidity
Treatment: Dantrolene, D2 agonist (bromocriptine)
Atypical antipsychotics (-apine, -peridone) - Clinical Use - Correct
Answer - Schizophrenia, bipolar, OCD, anxiety, depression, mania,
Tourettes
Atypical Antipsychotics- AE - Correct Answer - All-- prolonged QT
interval, fewer EPS/anticholinergic effects
-pines: Metabolic syndrome
Clozapine- agranulocytosis
Respiridone- Hyperprolactinemia
Lithium- Clinical Use - Correct Answer - Mood stabilizer
Lithium- AE - Correct Answer - LiTHIUM: Low Thyroid, Heart (Ebstein
anomaly), Insipidus (nephrogenic), Unwanted Movements (tremor)
Cimetidine (-dines) - MOA - Correct Answer - H2 blockers
Take H2 blockers before you dine; table for 2.
Cimetidine- Use - Correct Answer - Peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild reflux
Cimitidine- AE - Correct Answer - Inhibitor of cytochrome P450
Decrease renal excretion of creatinine
Antiandrogenic, cross blood brain barrier
AND CORRECT ANSWERS | 100%
CORRECT | RATED A+ | 2025/2026
GUIDE
Digoxin- MOA - Correct Answer - Direct inhibition of Na/K ATPase -->
indirect inhibition of Na/Ca exchange
Increased Calcium concentration --> positive ionotropy.
Stimulates vagus nerve --> decrease HR
Digoxin- Clinical use - Correct Answer - Heart failure (increase
contractility)
atrial fibrillation (decrease conduction at AV node and depression of SA
node)
Digoxin- AE - Correct Answer - Hyperkalemia, blurry yellow vision,
arrhythmias, AV block
Digoxin Toxicity- Treatment - Correct Answer - Slowly normalize K+,
cardiac pacer, anti-digoxin Fab fragments, Mg+
Beta Blockers- Mechanism - Correct Answer - Decrease SA and AV
nodal activity by decreasing cAMP/Ca2+
Decrease slope of phase 4
,Beta Blockers- Use - Correct Answer - SVT, ventricular rate control for a-
fib and a-flutter
Beta Blockers- AE - Correct Answer - Exacerbation of COPD/asthma
CV effects: bradycardia, AV block, HF
Metronidazole- MOA - Correct Answer - Forms toxic free radical
metabolites in bacteria.
Bacteriocidal
Metronidazole- Clinical Use - Correct Answer - GET GAP
Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella vaginalis, Anaerobes (C.
diff), H. Pylori (penicillin injury)
(Anaerobic infection below the diaphragm)
Metronidazole- AE - Correct Answer - Disulfiram-like reaction (flushing,
tachycardia, hypotension) with alcohol.
Headache, metallic taste
Typical antipsychotics (-azine)- MOA - Correct Answer - Block dopamine
D2 receptor --> increase cAMP
Typical antipsychotics - Clinical Use - Correct Answer - Schizophrenia,
pyschosis, bipolar, Huntington, OCD
Typical antipsychotics - AE - Correct Answer - EPS (ADAPT)- Acute
dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia
, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (Malignant FEVER)- Myogllobinuria,
fever, encephalopathy, vitals, increased enzymes, muscle rigidity
Treatment: Dantrolene, D2 agonist (bromocriptine)
Atypical antipsychotics (-apine, -peridone) - Clinical Use - Correct
Answer - Schizophrenia, bipolar, OCD, anxiety, depression, mania,
Tourettes
Atypical Antipsychotics- AE - Correct Answer - All-- prolonged QT
interval, fewer EPS/anticholinergic effects
-pines: Metabolic syndrome
Clozapine- agranulocytosis
Respiridone- Hyperprolactinemia
Lithium- Clinical Use - Correct Answer - Mood stabilizer
Lithium- AE - Correct Answer - LiTHIUM: Low Thyroid, Heart (Ebstein
anomaly), Insipidus (nephrogenic), Unwanted Movements (tremor)
Cimetidine (-dines) - MOA - Correct Answer - H2 blockers
Take H2 blockers before you dine; table for 2.
Cimetidine- Use - Correct Answer - Peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild reflux
Cimitidine- AE - Correct Answer - Inhibitor of cytochrome P450
Decrease renal excretion of creatinine
Antiandrogenic, cross blood brain barrier
