N244 – Nursing Pharmacology – Midterm Exam Questions and Answers
Phases of a crisis Phase 1: Increased anxiety, begins defense response
Phase 2: Anxiety increased, defense mechanism fails, start trial/error
Phase 3: Trial/error fails, escalates to severe or panic
Phase 4: Increase anxiety, depersonalization, depression, confusion, violence
Grounding technique for severe anxiety Triangle breathing
Grounding technique for mild to moderate anxiety 5X5
Necessary loss Part of life (elderly person dies)
Actual loss Loss of valued person (parent/item)
Perceived loss Losses defined by person, but not obvious to others (miscarriage, gender
dysphoria, transgender)
Maturational loss Loss during developmental processing of life (not feeling productive after
retirement)
Anticipatory loss Expected death of someone with terminal cancer
Situational loss Unanticipated loss caused by an external event (loss of home through
financial setback)
Mild Anxiety Restlessness, increased motivation, irritability, impatient
, Moderate Anxiety Agitation, muscle tightness, insomnia, ability to think clearly is hampered
Severe Anxiety Inability to function, ritualistic behavior, unresponsive, confusion,
hyperventilation, tachy
Panic symptoms Distorted perceptions, loss of rational thought, immobility,
hallucinations/delusions, dilated pupils
Panic disorder Recurrent panic attacks, lasting 15-30 minutes
Palpitations, SOB, Chocking Sensation, Nausea, Fear of dying
Phobias Irrational fears of specific objects or situations
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Persistent, unrealistic and excessive anxiety/worrying
Restlessness, muscle tension, avoiding stressful activities
For 6 months, s/s occur more than 50% of the time (90+ days)
Hoarding Disorder Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of
their actual value
Associated with perfectionism, depression, anxiety
Body Dysmorphic Disorder Exaggerated belief that the body is deformed or defective in
some specific way
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Involuntary recurring thoughts that cause anxiety, with an
impulse to perform ritualistic activities
Phases of a crisis Phase 1: Increased anxiety, begins defense response
Phase 2: Anxiety increased, defense mechanism fails, start trial/error
Phase 3: Trial/error fails, escalates to severe or panic
Phase 4: Increase anxiety, depersonalization, depression, confusion, violence
Grounding technique for severe anxiety Triangle breathing
Grounding technique for mild to moderate anxiety 5X5
Necessary loss Part of life (elderly person dies)
Actual loss Loss of valued person (parent/item)
Perceived loss Losses defined by person, but not obvious to others (miscarriage, gender
dysphoria, transgender)
Maturational loss Loss during developmental processing of life (not feeling productive after
retirement)
Anticipatory loss Expected death of someone with terminal cancer
Situational loss Unanticipated loss caused by an external event (loss of home through
financial setback)
Mild Anxiety Restlessness, increased motivation, irritability, impatient
, Moderate Anxiety Agitation, muscle tightness, insomnia, ability to think clearly is hampered
Severe Anxiety Inability to function, ritualistic behavior, unresponsive, confusion,
hyperventilation, tachy
Panic symptoms Distorted perceptions, loss of rational thought, immobility,
hallucinations/delusions, dilated pupils
Panic disorder Recurrent panic attacks, lasting 15-30 minutes
Palpitations, SOB, Chocking Sensation, Nausea, Fear of dying
Phobias Irrational fears of specific objects or situations
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Persistent, unrealistic and excessive anxiety/worrying
Restlessness, muscle tension, avoiding stressful activities
For 6 months, s/s occur more than 50% of the time (90+ days)
Hoarding Disorder Persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of
their actual value
Associated with perfectionism, depression, anxiety
Body Dysmorphic Disorder Exaggerated belief that the body is deformed or defective in
some specific way
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Involuntary recurring thoughts that cause anxiety, with an
impulse to perform ritualistic activities
