N244 – Nursing Pharmacology – Test 2 Questions and Answers
Crisis situations: 1. Developmental expected and internally generated
-Erikson stages!
Crisis Situations: 2. Situational not expected and externally generated: unexpected loss or
change (can happen in everyday situations/ unexpected life events)
Crisis Situations: 3. Adventitious unexpected, uncommon, accidental
-natural disasters, murder,rape
Crisis: Factors that influence the outcome of a crisis: -previous problem solving experience
-perception of the situation
-amount of help/hinderance from significant others
-numbers and times of past crisis
- resilience
Crisis: Factors that influence the outcome of a crisis: Resilience Very protective factor,
changes over time, comes from within person and external factors
-high self esteem, self efficacy
-good problem solving skills
-sense of connectedness, good relationships
Crisis: Assessment 1. focus on immediate problems (usually precipitating problem is within
the last 2 weeks)
2. evaluate feelings
3. assess support system
,4. assess coping skills
5. determine potential for self-harm
Crisis: immediate goals of crisis intervention 1. immediate: restore emotional instability
2. Long-term: hopes to help the client adapt to the situation
Substance Abuse: Repeated use of a chemical substances, leading to clinically significant
impairment over a 12 month period.
*Needs to meet 2 criteria:
-Use substances in large amounts for longer than intended
-continued desire or unsuccessful attempt to control drug
-spends considerable amount of time obtaining, using, or recovering from the affects of the
substance
-continues to use substance regardless of social/ interpersonal problems its causing
-reduces or quits participation in social, occupational, or recreational activities
SA: Tolerance need more of drug to get same effect
SA: Psychological Dependence overwhelming desire to repeat use
(to avoid discomfort or displeasure)
SA: Physical dependence: physical response to stopping drug
SA: drugs in the brain drugs activate channels in the brain (blocked or reputake) mimic
regular neurotransmitters, but dont activate neurons the same way your bodys
neurotransmitters
, ex: cocaine mimics dopamine reward system--> over time brain stops producing its own
dopamine
SA: Medical consequences of drug use -Mental D/O's.. chicken or egg argument (may trigger
exacerbation/ or mental DO may trigger someone to do drugs
-infectious diseas (HIV/ AIDS/ HEP C)
-lung disorders
-CV disorders
-
SA: alcohol -labs: BAC, liver function tests
-wernickes korsakoff syndrome: ataxia, cNII defects
-fetal alcohol syndrome: deformed mouth, narrow eyes, low birth weight, learning problems
-link w/ suicide
-liver distention
SA: Alcohol: Withdrawal cramping, restlessness, tremors, inability to sleep, alcohol
withdrawal delerium
-may be given benzos
-vitals monitored during detox
-prevention of delerium tremons is critical: monitor fluid status, vital signs, thiamine
relplacement, benzos may be given--> then tapered off
meds for alcohol abstinence: Disulfirum disulfiram: (adversion therapy)causes alcohol to not
be broken down, nausea, vomiting weakness, sweating, heart palpitations, can be fatal
-stays in system for 2 weeks after stopping
-monitor liver functions
Crisis situations: 1. Developmental expected and internally generated
-Erikson stages!
Crisis Situations: 2. Situational not expected and externally generated: unexpected loss or
change (can happen in everyday situations/ unexpected life events)
Crisis Situations: 3. Adventitious unexpected, uncommon, accidental
-natural disasters, murder,rape
Crisis: Factors that influence the outcome of a crisis: -previous problem solving experience
-perception of the situation
-amount of help/hinderance from significant others
-numbers and times of past crisis
- resilience
Crisis: Factors that influence the outcome of a crisis: Resilience Very protective factor,
changes over time, comes from within person and external factors
-high self esteem, self efficacy
-good problem solving skills
-sense of connectedness, good relationships
Crisis: Assessment 1. focus on immediate problems (usually precipitating problem is within
the last 2 weeks)
2. evaluate feelings
3. assess support system
,4. assess coping skills
5. determine potential for self-harm
Crisis: immediate goals of crisis intervention 1. immediate: restore emotional instability
2. Long-term: hopes to help the client adapt to the situation
Substance Abuse: Repeated use of a chemical substances, leading to clinically significant
impairment over a 12 month period.
*Needs to meet 2 criteria:
-Use substances in large amounts for longer than intended
-continued desire or unsuccessful attempt to control drug
-spends considerable amount of time obtaining, using, or recovering from the affects of the
substance
-continues to use substance regardless of social/ interpersonal problems its causing
-reduces or quits participation in social, occupational, or recreational activities
SA: Tolerance need more of drug to get same effect
SA: Psychological Dependence overwhelming desire to repeat use
(to avoid discomfort or displeasure)
SA: Physical dependence: physical response to stopping drug
SA: drugs in the brain drugs activate channels in the brain (blocked or reputake) mimic
regular neurotransmitters, but dont activate neurons the same way your bodys
neurotransmitters
, ex: cocaine mimics dopamine reward system--> over time brain stops producing its own
dopamine
SA: Medical consequences of drug use -Mental D/O's.. chicken or egg argument (may trigger
exacerbation/ or mental DO may trigger someone to do drugs
-infectious diseas (HIV/ AIDS/ HEP C)
-lung disorders
-CV disorders
-
SA: alcohol -labs: BAC, liver function tests
-wernickes korsakoff syndrome: ataxia, cNII defects
-fetal alcohol syndrome: deformed mouth, narrow eyes, low birth weight, learning problems
-link w/ suicide
-liver distention
SA: Alcohol: Withdrawal cramping, restlessness, tremors, inability to sleep, alcohol
withdrawal delerium
-may be given benzos
-vitals monitored during detox
-prevention of delerium tremons is critical: monitor fluid status, vital signs, thiamine
relplacement, benzos may be given--> then tapered off
meds for alcohol abstinence: Disulfirum disulfiram: (adversion therapy)causes alcohol to not
be broken down, nausea, vomiting weakness, sweating, heart palpitations, can be fatal
-stays in system for 2 weeks after stopping
-monitor liver functions
