NU 216 Adult Health I
Final Assessment Review
Questions & Solutions
2025
©2025
,Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
1. A 62-year-old male patient with congestive heart failure presents with
dyspnea and bilateral peripheral edema. Which of the following clinical
findings best indicates worsening left-sided heart failure?
A) Jugular venous distention
B) Pulmonary crackles
C) Hepatomegaly
D) Peripheral cyanosis
ANS: B) Pulmonary crackles
Rationale: Pulmonary crackles reflect fluid accumulation in the lungs, a
hallmark of left-sided heart failure. Jugular venous distention and
hepatomegaly are signs of right-sided heart failure.
2. In the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, which of the following
medications works primarily by increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral
tissues?
A) Metformin
B) Glipizide
C) Insulin glargine
D) Sitagliptin
ANS: A) Metformin
Rationale: Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production and
increases peripheral insulin sensitivity, whereas glipizide stimulates
insulin secretion.
3. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is
experiencing increased shortness of breath and productive cough. Which
of the following arterial blood gas (ABG) findings is most indicative of
acute exacerbation?
A) pH 7.25, PaCO2 60 mmHg, PaO2 55 mmHg
B) pH 7.45, PaCO2 40 mmHg, PaO2 80 mmHg
C) pH 7.35, PaCO2 35 mmHg, PaO2 90 mmHg
D) pH 7.50, PaCO2 30 mmHg, PaO2 60 mmHg
©2025
, ANS: A) pH 7.25, PaCO2 60 mmHg, PaO2 55 mmHg
Rationale: Respiratory acidosis with hypoxemia suggests acute
respiratory failure due to COPD exacerbation.
4. A patient diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is started on
warfarin therapy. Which laboratory test is most appropriate to monitor
the therapeutic effect?
A) Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
B) International normalized ratio (INR)
C) Prothrombin time (PTT)
D) Platelet count
ANS: B) International normalized ratio (INR)
Rationale: INR standardizes PT results and is used to monitor warfarin
effectiveness.
5. A 70-year-old female presents with sudden unilateral weakness and
slurred speech. Based on the NIH Stroke Scale, which initial intervention
should the nurse expect?
A) Thrombolytic therapy administration
B) Immediate CT scan without contrast
C) Initiation of aspirin therapy
D) Transfer to the intensive care unit for ventilation support
ANS: B) Immediate CT scan without contrast
Rationale: A non-contrast CT scan helps differentiate ischemic from
hemorrhagic stroke prior to thrombolytic therapy.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The primary laboratory marker used to evaluate myocardial injury is
__________.
ANS: cardiac troponin
Rationale: Cardiac troponins (I and T) are specific and sensitive markers
of myocardial infarction.
7. The hallmark sign of chronic renal failure related to electrolyte
imbalance is __________, defined as elevated blood potassium levels.
©2025
Final Assessment Review
Questions & Solutions
2025
©2025
,Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
1. A 62-year-old male patient with congestive heart failure presents with
dyspnea and bilateral peripheral edema. Which of the following clinical
findings best indicates worsening left-sided heart failure?
A) Jugular venous distention
B) Pulmonary crackles
C) Hepatomegaly
D) Peripheral cyanosis
ANS: B) Pulmonary crackles
Rationale: Pulmonary crackles reflect fluid accumulation in the lungs, a
hallmark of left-sided heart failure. Jugular venous distention and
hepatomegaly are signs of right-sided heart failure.
2. In the management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, which of the following
medications works primarily by increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral
tissues?
A) Metformin
B) Glipizide
C) Insulin glargine
D) Sitagliptin
ANS: A) Metformin
Rationale: Metformin decreases hepatic glucose production and
increases peripheral insulin sensitivity, whereas glipizide stimulates
insulin secretion.
3. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is
experiencing increased shortness of breath and productive cough. Which
of the following arterial blood gas (ABG) findings is most indicative of
acute exacerbation?
A) pH 7.25, PaCO2 60 mmHg, PaO2 55 mmHg
B) pH 7.45, PaCO2 40 mmHg, PaO2 80 mmHg
C) pH 7.35, PaCO2 35 mmHg, PaO2 90 mmHg
D) pH 7.50, PaCO2 30 mmHg, PaO2 60 mmHg
©2025
, ANS: A) pH 7.25, PaCO2 60 mmHg, PaO2 55 mmHg
Rationale: Respiratory acidosis with hypoxemia suggests acute
respiratory failure due to COPD exacerbation.
4. A patient diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is started on
warfarin therapy. Which laboratory test is most appropriate to monitor
the therapeutic effect?
A) Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
B) International normalized ratio (INR)
C) Prothrombin time (PTT)
D) Platelet count
ANS: B) International normalized ratio (INR)
Rationale: INR standardizes PT results and is used to monitor warfarin
effectiveness.
5. A 70-year-old female presents with sudden unilateral weakness and
slurred speech. Based on the NIH Stroke Scale, which initial intervention
should the nurse expect?
A) Thrombolytic therapy administration
B) Immediate CT scan without contrast
C) Initiation of aspirin therapy
D) Transfer to the intensive care unit for ventilation support
ANS: B) Immediate CT scan without contrast
Rationale: A non-contrast CT scan helps differentiate ischemic from
hemorrhagic stroke prior to thrombolytic therapy.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The primary laboratory marker used to evaluate myocardial injury is
__________.
ANS: cardiac troponin
Rationale: Cardiac troponins (I and T) are specific and sensitive markers
of myocardial infarction.
7. The hallmark sign of chronic renal failure related to electrolyte
imbalance is __________, defined as elevated blood potassium levels.
©2025
