ASU MGT 420 exam 2 with complete
solutions graded A+
Performance management (PM) - correct answer ✔✔Goal-oriented process directed toward
ensuring that organizational processes are in place to maximize the productivity of employees,
teams, and ultimately, the organization.
Performance appraisal (PA): - correct answer ✔✔formal system of review and evaluation of
individual or team task performance
360-degree feedback evaluation method: - correct answer ✔✔popular performance appraisal
method that involves evaluation input from multiple levels within the firm as well as external
sources
trait systems - correct answer ✔✔Type of performance-appraisal method, requiring raters (e.g.,
supervisors or customers) to evaluate each employee's traits or characteristics (e.g., quality of
work and leadership).
behavioral systems - correct answer ✔✔performance appraisal methods that focus on
distinguishing between successful and unsuccessful behaviors
rating errors - correct answer ✔✔In performance appraisals, differences between human
judgment processes versus objective, accurate assessments uncolored by bias, prejudice, or
other subjective, extraneous influences.
Bias errors - correct answer ✔✔Evaluation errors that occur when the rater evaluates the
employee based on a personal negative or positive opinion of the employee rather than on the
employee's actual performance.
, positive halo effect - correct answer ✔✔evaluation error that occurs when a manager
generalizes one positive performance feature or incident to all aspects of employee
performance, resulting in a higher rating
negative halo effect - correct answer ✔✔evaluation error that occurs when a manager
generalizes one negative performance feature or incident to all aspects of employee
performance, resulting in a lower rating
contrast errors - correct answer ✔✔A rating error in which a rater (e.g., a supervisor) compares
an employee to other employees rather than to specific explicit performance standards.
central tendency error - correct answer ✔✔evaluation appraisal error that occurs when
employees are incorrectly rated near the average or middle of a scale
Training and development (T&D) - correct answer ✔✔Heart of a continuous effort designed to
improve employee competency and organizational performance.
training - correct answer ✔✔Activities designed to provide learners with the knowledge and
skills needed for their present jobs.
development - correct answer ✔✔Learning that goes beyond today's job and has a more long-
term focus
Organization development (OD) - correct answer ✔✔Planned and systematic attempts to
change the organization, typically to a more behavioral environment.
learning organization - correct answer ✔✔Firm that recognizes the critical importance of
continuous performance-related T&D and takes appropriate action.
solutions graded A+
Performance management (PM) - correct answer ✔✔Goal-oriented process directed toward
ensuring that organizational processes are in place to maximize the productivity of employees,
teams, and ultimately, the organization.
Performance appraisal (PA): - correct answer ✔✔formal system of review and evaluation of
individual or team task performance
360-degree feedback evaluation method: - correct answer ✔✔popular performance appraisal
method that involves evaluation input from multiple levels within the firm as well as external
sources
trait systems - correct answer ✔✔Type of performance-appraisal method, requiring raters (e.g.,
supervisors or customers) to evaluate each employee's traits or characteristics (e.g., quality of
work and leadership).
behavioral systems - correct answer ✔✔performance appraisal methods that focus on
distinguishing between successful and unsuccessful behaviors
rating errors - correct answer ✔✔In performance appraisals, differences between human
judgment processes versus objective, accurate assessments uncolored by bias, prejudice, or
other subjective, extraneous influences.
Bias errors - correct answer ✔✔Evaluation errors that occur when the rater evaluates the
employee based on a personal negative or positive opinion of the employee rather than on the
employee's actual performance.
, positive halo effect - correct answer ✔✔evaluation error that occurs when a manager
generalizes one positive performance feature or incident to all aspects of employee
performance, resulting in a higher rating
negative halo effect - correct answer ✔✔evaluation error that occurs when a manager
generalizes one negative performance feature or incident to all aspects of employee
performance, resulting in a lower rating
contrast errors - correct answer ✔✔A rating error in which a rater (e.g., a supervisor) compares
an employee to other employees rather than to specific explicit performance standards.
central tendency error - correct answer ✔✔evaluation appraisal error that occurs when
employees are incorrectly rated near the average or middle of a scale
Training and development (T&D) - correct answer ✔✔Heart of a continuous effort designed to
improve employee competency and organizational performance.
training - correct answer ✔✔Activities designed to provide learners with the knowledge and
skills needed for their present jobs.
development - correct answer ✔✔Learning that goes beyond today's job and has a more long-
term focus
Organization development (OD) - correct answer ✔✔Planned and systematic attempts to
change the organization, typically to a more behavioral environment.
learning organization - correct answer ✔✔Firm that recognizes the critical importance of
continuous performance-related T&D and takes appropriate action.
