Targeted Medical-Surgical: Endocrine Exam Latest 2025

A nurse is teaching a client who has diabetes mellitus about insulin injections. The client's prescription includes evening doses of insulin glargine and regular insulin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? - ANSWER Draw up the insulins into separate syringes. The nurse should instruct the client to draw up the insulins into separate syringes because insulin glargine is not compatible with other insulins. A nurse is planning teaching for a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? - ANSWER Ingest alcohol with food to reduce alcohol-induced hypoglycemia. Alcohol inhibits the liver from producing glucose. Consuming carbohydrates while drinking alcoholic beverages helps prevent hypoglycemia. A nurse is caring for a client who has a pheochromocytoma. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? - ANSWER Elevate the head of the client's bed. The nurse should elevate the head of the client's bed to reduce blood pressure and abdominal pressure. A nurse has administered propranolol by IV bolus to a client who is having a thyroid storm. Which of the following findings indicates that the client is having a therapeutic response? - ANSWER Reduction of the effects of thyroid hormone on the heart Propranolol is a beta2-adrenergic blocking agent that decreases the rapid heart rate that excessive thyroid stimulation causes. A nurse is monitoring a client's status 24 hours after a total thyroidectomy. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? - ANSWER Laryngeal stridor Laryngeal stridor is a harsh, high-pitched sound with inspiration that indicates respiratory obstruction. The nurse should take immediate action to preserve the client's airway. A nurse is teaching a client who has an autoimmune disease about the adverse effects of long-term corticosteroid therapy. Which of the following effects should the nurse include? (select all that apply) - ANSWER Osteoporosis is correct. Osteoporosis is an adverse effect of long-term corticosteroid therapy due to the suppression of bone formation and the acceleration of bone resorption that corticosteroid therapy can cause. Moon-shaped face is correct. Long-term corticosteroid therapy causes characteristics of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome, including a moon-shaped face, a potbelly, and a buffalo hump. Increased risk of infection is correct. Increased risk of infection is an adverse effect of long-term corticosteroid therapy due to suppression of the immune system. It reduces the phagocytic actions of macrophages and neutrophils, thus increasing the risk of infection. Hearing loss is incorrect. Long-term corticosteroid therapy can cause cataracts and glaucoma, but it does not cause hearing loss. Weight loss is incorrect. Long-term corticosteroid therapy is more likely to cause weight gain due to the fluid and sodium retention these medications cause. A nurse is caring for a client who has type 2 diabetes melliltus and has hyperglycemic- hyperosmolar state (HHS). Which of the following laboratory findings should the nurse expect? - ANSWER Serum pH of 7.45 A client who has HHS produces enough insulin to prevent ketosis, but not enough to prevent hyperglycemia. Therefore, the serum pH is within the expected reference range. Glucose levels will be above 600 mg/dL. To screen a client for pheochromocytoma, a nurse schedules a vanillylmandelic acid test. When teaching the client about this test, which of the following instructions should the nurse include? - ANSWER "Restrict coffee intake 2 to 3 days prior to the test." The client should avoid coffee and tea (even if they are decaffeinated), bananas, chocolate, and vanilla for 2 to 3 days prior to the test. A nurse in an outpatient clinic is teaching a client who has a diabetic foot ulcer about foot care. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the teaching? - ANSWER "I will apply lotion to the dry areas of my feet, but not between my toes." Lotion can be used for dry areas of the feet, but the client should avoid applying lotion between the toes, as this area is prone to bacterial growth. A nurse is teaching a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following should the nurse include as an expected finding of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)? - ANSWER Blood glucose levels above 300 mg/dL Blood glucose levels above 300 mg/dL are an expected finding with DKA. Levels above 600 mg/dL are an expected finding with hyperglycemic-hyperosmolar state. A nurse is admitting a client who has hyperthyroidism. When assessing the client, the nurse should expect which of the following findings? - ANSWER Tremors Findings of hyperthyroidism include tremors, diaphoresis, and insomnia. A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client who had a thyroidectomy and takes a thyroid hormone replacement. Which of the following instructions should the nurse plan to include? - ANSWER "Take this medication on an empty stomach." To promote proper absorption, the client should take the medication on an empty stomach and not eat or drink anything for 30 to 60 min after taking it. A nurse is caring for a client who is taking propylthiouracil. The nurse should identify that the client has met the treatment goals when she reports an increase in which of the following manifestations? - ANSWER Weight Propylthiouracil suppresses the production of thyroid hormones and, therefore, allows for weight gain. However, excessive weight gain could indicate that the dose of propylthiouracil is too high A nurse is caring for a client following a thyroidectomy. The nurse should assess for which of the following findings as an indication of hypocalcemia? - ANSWER Tingling and numbness of the hands and feet Hypocalcemia causes paresthesias, which usually starts in the hands and feet. A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who has diabetes insipidus and requires intranasal desmopressin. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching plan? - ANSWER Report nocturia because it requires a dosage adjustment. The client should receive the initial dose of desmopressin in the evening; the provider will increase the dosage until the client no longer has nocturia. A nurse is caring for a client undergoing screening for primary Cushing's disease. The nurse should expect an elevation in which of the following laboratory findings? - ANSWER Glucose Blood glucose is elevated in a client who has Cushing's disease. A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes mellitus and has developed peripheral neuropathy. Which of the following measures should the nurse recommend to prevent injuries to the client's feet? - ANSWER Monitor the temperature of bath water with a thermometer.