CPB 201 FINAL STUDY GUIDE
Parchment - Answers :used for writing until 15th Century
China - Answers :oldest known paper is made from macerated hemp fibers, plant bark
and old fishnets in water suspension
Ts'ai Lun - Answers :wrote first record of papermaking in CE 105 China
Watermark - Answers :1268 Italy; paper made at Fabriano introduced this
1450 Germany - Answers :invention of printing press by Johann Gutenberg; demand
increased
Johann Gutenberg - Answers :invented the printing press in 1450 from Germany
1670 Holland - Answers :the hollander was invented which greatly improved stock
preparation
William Rittenhouse - Answers :1690 N. America, established a paper mill at
Germantown PA writing paper 20 shillings/ream brown paper 6 shillings/ream
Hollander - Answers :beater machine to produce paper pulp
Rene de Reamur - Answers :1719 France; suggested using wood for paper pulp
Nicholas Louis Robert - Answers :France 1798; invented the Fourdinier (type of
papermachine)
Bryan Donkin and the Fourdinier Bros. - Answers :England 1803; developed the first
papermachine
Joseph Bramah - Answers :invented the vat or cylinder machine; 1805 England
Friedrich Keller - Answers :first to stone grind wood in 1844 Germany then 1866 in USA
Charles Watt and Hugh Burgess - Answers :first to develop the Soda Process from
wood shavings in England 1852
Benjamin Tilghman - Answers :developed the sulfite process in England 1866; applied
in Sweden/Germany in 1874
Carl Dahl - Answers :discovered the sulfate (Kraft) pulping process (first mill in US in
1909)
,Soda Process - Answers :a chemical process for making wood pulp with sodium
hydroxide as the cooking chemical
Sulfite Process - Answers :produces wood pulp which is almost pure cellulose fibers by
using various salts of sulfurous acid to extract the lignin from wood chips in large
pressure vessels called digesters
Kraft Process - Answers :a process for conversion of wood into wood pulp, which
consists of almost pure cellulose fibers, the main component of paper
TAPPI - Answers :created in USA in 1915; technical association of the pulp and paper
industry
paper - Answers :"all fibrous structures felted from a fluid system onto a grid"
vellum - Answers :calf skin not split but exposed to lime which breaks down proteins
Paper Grades (12) - Answers :uncoated groundwood, coated groundwood, uncoated
wood-free, coated wood-free, Kraft paper, bleached paperboard, unbleached
paperboard, recycled paperboard, MG kraft specialties, Tissue, market pulp, others
uncoated groundwood - Answers :uncoated and produced mainly from mechanical
pulps; newspaper, catalog (24-75)
coated groundwood - Answers :at least 10% mechanical pulp with the rest being
chemical pulp; coated; LWC, magazine (45-130)
uncoated wood-free - Answers :less than 10% mechanical pulp (usually 0%), not
coated; office papers, book papers (40-300)
coated wood-free - Answers :less than 10% mechanical pulp but coated on both sides;
magazines, commercial printing (70-170)
Kraft paper - Answers :four main uses: wrapping, bag/sack, shipping sack, and other
covering such as cable (50-134)
bleached paperboard - Answers :bleached sulfate furnish, primary use is folding carton
and milk carton stock, plates, index cards (200-500)
unbleached paperboard - Answers :unbleached and made from virgin Kraft or neutral
sulfite semi-chemical pulp; linerboard for corrugated containers (130-450)
recycled paperboard - Answers :furnish consists almost entirely of recovered paper;
roofing felt, corrugating medium (above 224)
, MG Kraft Specialties - Answers :"machine glazed finish" produced by a large diameter
drying cylinder; wax base, wrapping
Tissue - Answers :bleached chemical pulp with 50% or more mechanical pulp; sanitary
products (20-75)
Market Pulp - Answers :pulp is divided into grades based on wood species, pulping
process, and bleaching
others - Answers :used for grades which do not fit conveniently into the other 11
categories; less than 5% of worldwide paper is in this category; bible, cigarette
4 main paper/board grades - Answers :graphic, packaging paper and board, hygienic,
specialty paper and board
Softwood - Answers :fibers 3-5 mm long; wood from a conifer, grows faster and is less
dense; earlywood: 2-4 um; latewood: 4-8 um; tracheids: 90-95%; raycells-5%; don't
have vessels or fines
hardwood - Answers :fibers 1.2-1.6 mm; wood from deciduous trees; shed their leaves;
grows slower and is more dense; libriforms elongated thick cell wall
fines - Answers :anything less than 76 um (goes through mesh screen); wood, filler, dirt,
microfibrils
formation - Answers :cloudiness of paper, random distribution of fibers leads to this
mechanical pulps - Answers :ground up, 99% yield, contains cellulose, lignin and others
LWC - Answers :light weight coated paper, coated newsprint; mechanical
SCA - Answers :super calendared, type A; run through tight rollers, encroaching on
LWC because its cheaper
MWC - Answers :medium weight coating
parenchyma - Answers :long, thin, slender fibers (3-4 mm in length)
conducting - Answers :SW: tracheids, HW: vessel elements
supporting structure - Answers :SW: tracheids, HW: libriforms
storage - Answers :parenchyma for both SW and HW
microfibrils - Answers :fringe micellar model; crystalline, amorphous, hemicellulose (glue
in paper)
Parchment - Answers :used for writing until 15th Century
China - Answers :oldest known paper is made from macerated hemp fibers, plant bark
and old fishnets in water suspension
Ts'ai Lun - Answers :wrote first record of papermaking in CE 105 China
Watermark - Answers :1268 Italy; paper made at Fabriano introduced this
1450 Germany - Answers :invention of printing press by Johann Gutenberg; demand
increased
Johann Gutenberg - Answers :invented the printing press in 1450 from Germany
1670 Holland - Answers :the hollander was invented which greatly improved stock
preparation
William Rittenhouse - Answers :1690 N. America, established a paper mill at
Germantown PA writing paper 20 shillings/ream brown paper 6 shillings/ream
Hollander - Answers :beater machine to produce paper pulp
Rene de Reamur - Answers :1719 France; suggested using wood for paper pulp
Nicholas Louis Robert - Answers :France 1798; invented the Fourdinier (type of
papermachine)
Bryan Donkin and the Fourdinier Bros. - Answers :England 1803; developed the first
papermachine
Joseph Bramah - Answers :invented the vat or cylinder machine; 1805 England
Friedrich Keller - Answers :first to stone grind wood in 1844 Germany then 1866 in USA
Charles Watt and Hugh Burgess - Answers :first to develop the Soda Process from
wood shavings in England 1852
Benjamin Tilghman - Answers :developed the sulfite process in England 1866; applied
in Sweden/Germany in 1874
Carl Dahl - Answers :discovered the sulfate (Kraft) pulping process (first mill in US in
1909)
,Soda Process - Answers :a chemical process for making wood pulp with sodium
hydroxide as the cooking chemical
Sulfite Process - Answers :produces wood pulp which is almost pure cellulose fibers by
using various salts of sulfurous acid to extract the lignin from wood chips in large
pressure vessels called digesters
Kraft Process - Answers :a process for conversion of wood into wood pulp, which
consists of almost pure cellulose fibers, the main component of paper
TAPPI - Answers :created in USA in 1915; technical association of the pulp and paper
industry
paper - Answers :"all fibrous structures felted from a fluid system onto a grid"
vellum - Answers :calf skin not split but exposed to lime which breaks down proteins
Paper Grades (12) - Answers :uncoated groundwood, coated groundwood, uncoated
wood-free, coated wood-free, Kraft paper, bleached paperboard, unbleached
paperboard, recycled paperboard, MG kraft specialties, Tissue, market pulp, others
uncoated groundwood - Answers :uncoated and produced mainly from mechanical
pulps; newspaper, catalog (24-75)
coated groundwood - Answers :at least 10% mechanical pulp with the rest being
chemical pulp; coated; LWC, magazine (45-130)
uncoated wood-free - Answers :less than 10% mechanical pulp (usually 0%), not
coated; office papers, book papers (40-300)
coated wood-free - Answers :less than 10% mechanical pulp but coated on both sides;
magazines, commercial printing (70-170)
Kraft paper - Answers :four main uses: wrapping, bag/sack, shipping sack, and other
covering such as cable (50-134)
bleached paperboard - Answers :bleached sulfate furnish, primary use is folding carton
and milk carton stock, plates, index cards (200-500)
unbleached paperboard - Answers :unbleached and made from virgin Kraft or neutral
sulfite semi-chemical pulp; linerboard for corrugated containers (130-450)
recycled paperboard - Answers :furnish consists almost entirely of recovered paper;
roofing felt, corrugating medium (above 224)
, MG Kraft Specialties - Answers :"machine glazed finish" produced by a large diameter
drying cylinder; wax base, wrapping
Tissue - Answers :bleached chemical pulp with 50% or more mechanical pulp; sanitary
products (20-75)
Market Pulp - Answers :pulp is divided into grades based on wood species, pulping
process, and bleaching
others - Answers :used for grades which do not fit conveniently into the other 11
categories; less than 5% of worldwide paper is in this category; bible, cigarette
4 main paper/board grades - Answers :graphic, packaging paper and board, hygienic,
specialty paper and board
Softwood - Answers :fibers 3-5 mm long; wood from a conifer, grows faster and is less
dense; earlywood: 2-4 um; latewood: 4-8 um; tracheids: 90-95%; raycells-5%; don't
have vessels or fines
hardwood - Answers :fibers 1.2-1.6 mm; wood from deciduous trees; shed their leaves;
grows slower and is more dense; libriforms elongated thick cell wall
fines - Answers :anything less than 76 um (goes through mesh screen); wood, filler, dirt,
microfibrils
formation - Answers :cloudiness of paper, random distribution of fibers leads to this
mechanical pulps - Answers :ground up, 99% yield, contains cellulose, lignin and others
LWC - Answers :light weight coated paper, coated newsprint; mechanical
SCA - Answers :super calendared, type A; run through tight rollers, encroaching on
LWC because its cheaper
MWC - Answers :medium weight coating
parenchyma - Answers :long, thin, slender fibers (3-4 mm in length)
conducting - Answers :SW: tracheids, HW: vessel elements
supporting structure - Answers :SW: tracheids, HW: libriforms
storage - Answers :parenchyma for both SW and HW
microfibrils - Answers :fringe micellar model; crystalline, amorphous, hemicellulose (glue
in paper)
