ANAT 315 Upper Limb UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
How many cervical vertebrae are there? - CORRECT ANSWER -7
How many thoracic vertebrae are there? - CORRECT ANSWER - 12
How many lumbar vertebrae are there? - CORRECT ANSWER -5
What is the weight bearing portion of vertebrae? - CORRECT ANSWER - The body
Why are lumber vertebrae larger? - CORRECT ANSWER - Since they are the most
weight bearing
What are the 2 aspects of a vertebral disc - CORRECT ANSWER - The outer
fibrocartilage cortex: Annulus Fibrosis
The pulpy inner core: Nucleus pulposis
In what plane are the cervical apophyseal joints oriented? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Horizontal
In what plane are the thoracic apophyseal joints oriented? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Coronal
In what plane are the lumbar apophyseal joints oriented? - CORRECT ANSWER - Sagital
What is the joint between the articular facets called? - CORRECT ANSWER - Apophyseal
joints
,What is the function of the transverse processes? - CORRECT ANSWER - attachment cite
for muscles and ligaments
in the thorax region, they serve as attachments for ribs
Where do the ribs attach to a vertebrae? - CORRECT ANSWER - The transverse costal
facet on the transverse process and on the body of thoracic vertebrae
What is the name of the joint between the facets on the body of a thoracic vertebrae and the head
of a rib - CORRECT ANSWER - Costovertebral joint
What is the name of the joint between the transverse costal facet and a rib - CORRECT
ANSWER - transverse costovertebral joint
What is formed by the articulation of the superior and inferior articular processes? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The intervertebral foramen
What is the functions of the intervertebral foramen? - CORRECT ANSWER - Where
spinal nerves and blood vessels pass through
Why are the superior articulating processes so large on the atlas vertebrae? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Because its where the large occipital condyles of the skull articulate
What is the joint called between the superior articulating processes of the atlas and the occipital
condyles? - CORRECT ANSWER - Atlanto-occipital joint
What is the prominent feature of the axis? - CORRECT ANSWER - The Dens or the
odontoid process
What is interesting about the dens of the axis and the atlas? - CORRECT ANSWER - The
dens is embryologically the missing part of the body of the atlas
,What does the transverse ligament do? - CORRECT ANSWER - Holds the dens to the
anterior part of the vertebral foramen of the atlas
What motion occurs with the atlas - CORRECT ANSWER - Yes
What motion occurs with the axis - CORRECT ANSWER - No
What is special about the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae - CORRECT
ANSWER - They have transverse foramen
What passes through the transverse foramen's of the cervical vertebrae? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The Vertebral artery and vein
What is special about the spinous processes of cervical vertebrae? - CORRECT
ANSWER - They are bifid
Describe the costovertebral joints - CORRECT ANSWER - the articulation of the head of
the ribs to the articular facet on the body of the thoracic vertebrae
Describe the transverse costovertebral joints - CORRECT ANSWER - The articulation of
the ribs to the joint facets on the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae
What is the lateral sacral mass - CORRECT ANSWER - The process that replaces the
transverse process on the sacrum
What is the auricular surface? - CORRECT ANSWER - lateral surface of the sacrum, the
articular surface for the hip bone
What is the sacroiliac joint - CORRECT ANSWER - the joint that joins the sacrum and the
hip bone
, What curvature is present in the cervical vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWER - secondary-
convex anteriorly
What curvature is present in the thoracic vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWER - primary -
concave anteriorly
What curvature is present in the lumbar vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWER - secondary -
convex anteriorly
What curvature is present in the sacral vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWER - primary-
concave anteriorly
Describe kyphosis - CORRECT ANSWER - excessive curvature in the upper thoracic
region
Describe Lordosis - CORRECT ANSWER - excessive curvature in the lumbar region
Describe Scoliosis - CORRECT ANSWER - coronal malcurvature to one or both sides
Anterior longitudinal ligament - CORRECT ANSWER - - stronger of the 2 longitudinal
ligaments
- runs down the anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies
posterior longitudinal ligament - CORRECT ANSWER - runs down the posterior aspect of
the vertebral bodies
Ligamentum flavum - CORRECT ANSWER - -joins the laminae of adjacent vertebrae
- non-continuous
Questions and CORRECT Answers
How many cervical vertebrae are there? - CORRECT ANSWER -7
How many thoracic vertebrae are there? - CORRECT ANSWER - 12
How many lumbar vertebrae are there? - CORRECT ANSWER -5
What is the weight bearing portion of vertebrae? - CORRECT ANSWER - The body
Why are lumber vertebrae larger? - CORRECT ANSWER - Since they are the most
weight bearing
What are the 2 aspects of a vertebral disc - CORRECT ANSWER - The outer
fibrocartilage cortex: Annulus Fibrosis
The pulpy inner core: Nucleus pulposis
In what plane are the cervical apophyseal joints oriented? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Horizontal
In what plane are the thoracic apophyseal joints oriented? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Coronal
In what plane are the lumbar apophyseal joints oriented? - CORRECT ANSWER - Sagital
What is the joint between the articular facets called? - CORRECT ANSWER - Apophyseal
joints
,What is the function of the transverse processes? - CORRECT ANSWER - attachment cite
for muscles and ligaments
in the thorax region, they serve as attachments for ribs
Where do the ribs attach to a vertebrae? - CORRECT ANSWER - The transverse costal
facet on the transverse process and on the body of thoracic vertebrae
What is the name of the joint between the facets on the body of a thoracic vertebrae and the head
of a rib - CORRECT ANSWER - Costovertebral joint
What is the name of the joint between the transverse costal facet and a rib - CORRECT
ANSWER - transverse costovertebral joint
What is formed by the articulation of the superior and inferior articular processes? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The intervertebral foramen
What is the functions of the intervertebral foramen? - CORRECT ANSWER - Where
spinal nerves and blood vessels pass through
Why are the superior articulating processes so large on the atlas vertebrae? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Because its where the large occipital condyles of the skull articulate
What is the joint called between the superior articulating processes of the atlas and the occipital
condyles? - CORRECT ANSWER - Atlanto-occipital joint
What is the prominent feature of the axis? - CORRECT ANSWER - The Dens or the
odontoid process
What is interesting about the dens of the axis and the atlas? - CORRECT ANSWER - The
dens is embryologically the missing part of the body of the atlas
,What does the transverse ligament do? - CORRECT ANSWER - Holds the dens to the
anterior part of the vertebral foramen of the atlas
What motion occurs with the atlas - CORRECT ANSWER - Yes
What motion occurs with the axis - CORRECT ANSWER - No
What is special about the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae - CORRECT
ANSWER - They have transverse foramen
What passes through the transverse foramen's of the cervical vertebrae? - CORRECT
ANSWER - The Vertebral artery and vein
What is special about the spinous processes of cervical vertebrae? - CORRECT
ANSWER - They are bifid
Describe the costovertebral joints - CORRECT ANSWER - the articulation of the head of
the ribs to the articular facet on the body of the thoracic vertebrae
Describe the transverse costovertebral joints - CORRECT ANSWER - The articulation of
the ribs to the joint facets on the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae
What is the lateral sacral mass - CORRECT ANSWER - The process that replaces the
transverse process on the sacrum
What is the auricular surface? - CORRECT ANSWER - lateral surface of the sacrum, the
articular surface for the hip bone
What is the sacroiliac joint - CORRECT ANSWER - the joint that joins the sacrum and the
hip bone
, What curvature is present in the cervical vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWER - secondary-
convex anteriorly
What curvature is present in the thoracic vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWER - primary -
concave anteriorly
What curvature is present in the lumbar vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWER - secondary -
convex anteriorly
What curvature is present in the sacral vertebrae - CORRECT ANSWER - primary-
concave anteriorly
Describe kyphosis - CORRECT ANSWER - excessive curvature in the upper thoracic
region
Describe Lordosis - CORRECT ANSWER - excessive curvature in the lumbar region
Describe Scoliosis - CORRECT ANSWER - coronal malcurvature to one or both sides
Anterior longitudinal ligament - CORRECT ANSWER - - stronger of the 2 longitudinal
ligaments
- runs down the anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies
posterior longitudinal ligament - CORRECT ANSWER - runs down the posterior aspect of
the vertebral bodies
Ligamentum flavum - CORRECT ANSWER - -joins the laminae of adjacent vertebrae
- non-continuous
