HONDROS
HONDROS BIO 117 ACTUAL EXAM TEST
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025
What is the mitochondria? - -power house of the cell and produces and supplies the cell
with energy(ATP production)
What is the endoplasmic reticulum? - -a network of membranous tubules within the
cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has
ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
(protein (rough ER),Steroid synthesis (smooth ER) )
What is the golgi apparatus? - -Another membrane of the cell which is used for
transportation throughout the cell
(packaging and transporting proteins)
What are lysosomes? - -cleaning up cell debris
What are the types of passive transport? - -diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
What is osmosis? - -movement of water across a membrane
What is filtration? - -Movement across a membrane, under pressure, from higher to
lower pressure, no energy required
What are the types of active transport? - -protein pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis
What in the purpose of the sodium/potassium pump? - -It is a transport pump for
Na+/K+ for nerve conduction
What is endocytosis used for? - -take in large molecules
What is exocytosis? - -materials are exported out of the cell (energy required)
What are the types of macromolecules? - -carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
What is a macromolecule? - -a molecule containing a very large number of atoms
What are the types carbohydrates? - -monosaccharides, disaccharides,
polysaccharides
What are monosaccharides? - -glucose, fructose, galactose
HONDROS
, HONDROS
What is a monosaccharide? - -single sugar
What is fructose? - -fruit sugar
What is galactose? - -"milk sugar" found in lactose
What is glucose? - -blood sugar
What is a disaccharide? - -two monosaccharides joined together
What are the types of disaccharides? - -sucrose, lactose, maltose
What is lactose? - -milk sugar
What is sucrose made of? - -fructose and glucose
What is maltose composed of? - -two glucose molecules
What are the types of polysaccharides? - -starch, glycogen, cellulose(fiber)
What is polysaccharides? - -long chain of monosaccharides, many sugars,
What is glycogen? - -It is a stored formed of glucose/energy manufactured by the liver
What is starch? - -storage form of glucose in plants
What is cellulose? - -A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of
many organisms,(fiber)
What are the types of lipids ? - -triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids
What is a lipid? - -fats and oils
What is triglycerides? - -glycerol and 3 fatty acids
What is a phospholipid? - -Cell Membranes that form lipid layers
What is a protein? - -chain of amino acids
What is amino acid? - -Building blocks of protein
What is a nucleic acid? - -DNA and RNA
What is DNA? - -genetic material
HONDROS
HONDROS BIO 117 ACTUAL EXAM TEST
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025
What is the mitochondria? - -power house of the cell and produces and supplies the cell
with energy(ATP production)
What is the endoplasmic reticulum? - -a network of membranous tubules within the
cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has
ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
(protein (rough ER),Steroid synthesis (smooth ER) )
What is the golgi apparatus? - -Another membrane of the cell which is used for
transportation throughout the cell
(packaging and transporting proteins)
What are lysosomes? - -cleaning up cell debris
What are the types of passive transport? - -diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
What is osmosis? - -movement of water across a membrane
What is filtration? - -Movement across a membrane, under pressure, from higher to
lower pressure, no energy required
What are the types of active transport? - -protein pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis
What in the purpose of the sodium/potassium pump? - -It is a transport pump for
Na+/K+ for nerve conduction
What is endocytosis used for? - -take in large molecules
What is exocytosis? - -materials are exported out of the cell (energy required)
What are the types of macromolecules? - -carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
What is a macromolecule? - -a molecule containing a very large number of atoms
What are the types carbohydrates? - -monosaccharides, disaccharides,
polysaccharides
What are monosaccharides? - -glucose, fructose, galactose
HONDROS
, HONDROS
What is a monosaccharide? - -single sugar
What is fructose? - -fruit sugar
What is galactose? - -"milk sugar" found in lactose
What is glucose? - -blood sugar
What is a disaccharide? - -two monosaccharides joined together
What are the types of disaccharides? - -sucrose, lactose, maltose
What is lactose? - -milk sugar
What is sucrose made of? - -fructose and glucose
What is maltose composed of? - -two glucose molecules
What are the types of polysaccharides? - -starch, glycogen, cellulose(fiber)
What is polysaccharides? - -long chain of monosaccharides, many sugars,
What is glycogen? - -It is a stored formed of glucose/energy manufactured by the liver
What is starch? - -storage form of glucose in plants
What is cellulose? - -A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of
many organisms,(fiber)
What are the types of lipids ? - -triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids
What is a lipid? - -fats and oils
What is triglycerides? - -glycerol and 3 fatty acids
What is a phospholipid? - -Cell Membranes that form lipid layers
What is a protein? - -chain of amino acids
What is amino acid? - -Building blocks of protein
What is a nucleic acid? - -DNA and RNA
What is DNA? - -genetic material
HONDROS
