BPK 312 - Study Questions correctly
answered already passed
What type of exercises utilize ATP formed from the breakdown of CRP and ADP? CHO and Lipid?
- correct answer ✔✔High intensity, Dynamic exercise (sprinting, interval training etc...)
Prolonged exercise
What is the most important substrate in both high and low intensity exercise? - correct answer
✔✔Glycogen
What happens as muscle glycogen declines? - correct answer ✔✔blood glucose becomes
important as a CHO fuel source, where blood glucose muscle uptake increases and the liver
glucose output increases so that blood glucose levels can remain at a steady state.
What happens in the later stages of exercise when the liver glycogen levels start to deplete?
How is glucose supplied to the body? - correct answer ✔✔Liver glycogenolysis where the liver
converts liver based glycogen to glucose, but when these stores are depleted, gluconeogenesis
occurs via amino acids and proteins and other non CHO substrates.
If liver glucose output declines past the gluconeogenesis level hypoglycaemia can occur.
What energy system is used for high intensity exercise? - correct answer ✔✔High intensity
exercise utilizes either the Phosphagen system, which utilizes Creatine Phosphate and
Adenosine Diphosphate to synthesize ATP.
Or the anaerobic glycolysis system which breaks down glycogen into lactate.
,What energy system is used for low intensity exercise? - correct answer ✔✔During Low
intensity exercise the body uses the aerobic system for energy production utilizing CHO and
Lipid for energy production.
What system aerobic or anaerobic produces more ATP? - correct answer ✔✔Aerobic (18x as
much)
Which produces more ATP Glycolytic or Phosphagen system? And how much do they produce? -
correct answer ✔✔Glycolytic produces more 190-300mmol ATP/kg
Phosphagen produces less 5-95mmol ATP/kg
But the power level of the Phosphagen is more at 9mmol/kg/s vs 4.5mmol/kg/s
(this is why as CrP decreases we experience a decrease in power output)
What is the link between skeletal muscles composition and exercise performance? - correct
answer ✔✔There are two types of muscle fibres:
Fast twitch
Slow twitch
Describe Fast twitch Muscle fibres - correct answer ✔✔Fast twitch are divided into 2 sub
categories:
Fast twitch A (FTA)
Fast twitch B (FTB)
,They have a high Glycolytic capacity where FTB is greater than FTA
They have a low Oxidative capacity where FTB is lower than FTA
Describe Slow Twitch Muscle FIbers - correct answer ✔✔Slow twitch muscle fibres rely on
oxidative metabolism and are well supplied by capillaries and are fatigue resistant which makes
them well suited for prolonged low intensity exercise. (opposite of Fast Twitch)
What is the order of recruitment of muscle fibres? Why does this occur? - correct answer
✔✔The recruitment order has been confirmed via glycogen depletion patterns. During
prolonged sub maximal exercise the Slow Twitch fibres although in latter stages recruitment of
FTA may occur.
As exercise intensity increase the recruitment of Fast twitch fibres occurs so that all fibre types
are being utilized.
Athletes in endurance possess more ST and opposite for explosive athletes.
Why are carbohydrate and fat used during longer, lower intensity activities? What happens in
the muscles that allows the use of these fuels? - correct answer ✔✔
What determines the muscle's ability to take up and utilize free fatty acids? - correct answer
✔✔Is determined by the the arterial FFA concentration and and the ability of muscles to take
up and oxidize those FFA
Describe the major metabolic adaptation to endurance training mentioned in the textbook.
How does this influence an endurance athlete? - correct answer ✔✔The increased ability
capacity for lipid oxidation. Which allows skeletal muscle to utilize muscle triglycerides when
mobilization of Free Fatty Acids is inhibited.
, Describe the physiological determinants of VO2max. - correct answer ✔✔1. RESPIRATION
- Ventilation (rate of depth/breathing)
- Haemoglobin to oxygen affinity
- Oxygen diffusion from alveolar to capillary
- Lung perfusion (matching of air flow with blood flow)
2. CENTRAL CIRCULATION
- Cardiac output (HR and stroke volume)
- Haemoglobin concentration (capacity of blood to carry oxygen)
- Haemoglobin saturation (amount of oxygen bound to haemoglobin)
3. PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION
- Blood flow (decrease in inactive tissues and increase in contracting tissues)
- Oxygen diffusion from capillary to muscle-mitochondria
- Haemoglobin desaturation
4. METABOLISM
- Substrate availability
- Skeletal muscle mass
- Muscle fiber energy stores
- Myoglobin content/mitochondrial content
What are the risks of exercising in the heat? Outline the steps to help minimize the effects of
overheating during or after exercise. - correct answer ✔✔Heat produced during exercise
coupled with environmental Heat can increase the risk of hyperthermia. Which can affect the
not only performance but also liver and muscle glycogenolyis.
answered already passed
What type of exercises utilize ATP formed from the breakdown of CRP and ADP? CHO and Lipid?
- correct answer ✔✔High intensity, Dynamic exercise (sprinting, interval training etc...)
Prolonged exercise
What is the most important substrate in both high and low intensity exercise? - correct answer
✔✔Glycogen
What happens as muscle glycogen declines? - correct answer ✔✔blood glucose becomes
important as a CHO fuel source, where blood glucose muscle uptake increases and the liver
glucose output increases so that blood glucose levels can remain at a steady state.
What happens in the later stages of exercise when the liver glycogen levels start to deplete?
How is glucose supplied to the body? - correct answer ✔✔Liver glycogenolysis where the liver
converts liver based glycogen to glucose, but when these stores are depleted, gluconeogenesis
occurs via amino acids and proteins and other non CHO substrates.
If liver glucose output declines past the gluconeogenesis level hypoglycaemia can occur.
What energy system is used for high intensity exercise? - correct answer ✔✔High intensity
exercise utilizes either the Phosphagen system, which utilizes Creatine Phosphate and
Adenosine Diphosphate to synthesize ATP.
Or the anaerobic glycolysis system which breaks down glycogen into lactate.
,What energy system is used for low intensity exercise? - correct answer ✔✔During Low
intensity exercise the body uses the aerobic system for energy production utilizing CHO and
Lipid for energy production.
What system aerobic or anaerobic produces more ATP? - correct answer ✔✔Aerobic (18x as
much)
Which produces more ATP Glycolytic or Phosphagen system? And how much do they produce? -
correct answer ✔✔Glycolytic produces more 190-300mmol ATP/kg
Phosphagen produces less 5-95mmol ATP/kg
But the power level of the Phosphagen is more at 9mmol/kg/s vs 4.5mmol/kg/s
(this is why as CrP decreases we experience a decrease in power output)
What is the link between skeletal muscles composition and exercise performance? - correct
answer ✔✔There are two types of muscle fibres:
Fast twitch
Slow twitch
Describe Fast twitch Muscle fibres - correct answer ✔✔Fast twitch are divided into 2 sub
categories:
Fast twitch A (FTA)
Fast twitch B (FTB)
,They have a high Glycolytic capacity where FTB is greater than FTA
They have a low Oxidative capacity where FTB is lower than FTA
Describe Slow Twitch Muscle FIbers - correct answer ✔✔Slow twitch muscle fibres rely on
oxidative metabolism and are well supplied by capillaries and are fatigue resistant which makes
them well suited for prolonged low intensity exercise. (opposite of Fast Twitch)
What is the order of recruitment of muscle fibres? Why does this occur? - correct answer
✔✔The recruitment order has been confirmed via glycogen depletion patterns. During
prolonged sub maximal exercise the Slow Twitch fibres although in latter stages recruitment of
FTA may occur.
As exercise intensity increase the recruitment of Fast twitch fibres occurs so that all fibre types
are being utilized.
Athletes in endurance possess more ST and opposite for explosive athletes.
Why are carbohydrate and fat used during longer, lower intensity activities? What happens in
the muscles that allows the use of these fuels? - correct answer ✔✔
What determines the muscle's ability to take up and utilize free fatty acids? - correct answer
✔✔Is determined by the the arterial FFA concentration and and the ability of muscles to take
up and oxidize those FFA
Describe the major metabolic adaptation to endurance training mentioned in the textbook.
How does this influence an endurance athlete? - correct answer ✔✔The increased ability
capacity for lipid oxidation. Which allows skeletal muscle to utilize muscle triglycerides when
mobilization of Free Fatty Acids is inhibited.
, Describe the physiological determinants of VO2max. - correct answer ✔✔1. RESPIRATION
- Ventilation (rate of depth/breathing)
- Haemoglobin to oxygen affinity
- Oxygen diffusion from alveolar to capillary
- Lung perfusion (matching of air flow with blood flow)
2. CENTRAL CIRCULATION
- Cardiac output (HR and stroke volume)
- Haemoglobin concentration (capacity of blood to carry oxygen)
- Haemoglobin saturation (amount of oxygen bound to haemoglobin)
3. PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION
- Blood flow (decrease in inactive tissues and increase in contracting tissues)
- Oxygen diffusion from capillary to muscle-mitochondria
- Haemoglobin desaturation
4. METABOLISM
- Substrate availability
- Skeletal muscle mass
- Muscle fiber energy stores
- Myoglobin content/mitochondrial content
What are the risks of exercising in the heat? Outline the steps to help minimize the effects of
overheating during or after exercise. - correct answer ✔✔Heat produced during exercise
coupled with environmental Heat can increase the risk of hyperthermia. Which can affect the
not only performance but also liver and muscle glycogenolyis.
