Vascular Interventional Radiology EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Angiographic drugs - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅
Angiography complications - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. Puncture site complications - groin
hematoma, AVF, pseudoaneurysm, vessel thrombosis, neuritis, infection
2. Contrast reaction - anaphylaxis, renal failure, cardiac failure, phlebitis
3. Catheter related complications -dissection, cholesterol emboli, thromboembolism, cerebrovascular
accident, arterial dissection
4. Therapy related complications (CNS bleed during thrombolysis)
Aortic stenosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Congential:
Coarctation
Pseudocoarctation
Williams syndrome
Rubella syndrome
Takayasu's (most common arteritis to cause stenosis)
NF
Radiation
Arc of Buehler - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Embryonic ventral communication of celiac artery to SMA
Arc of Riolan; Marginal artery of Drummond - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅SMA - IMA connection
Arm veins - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅
, Arterial embolism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Clinical 5 Ps: pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesias,
paralysis
Multiple lesions at bifurcations. Lack of collaterals. Severe vasospasm. Menisci filling defects.
Treatment: Surgical embolectomy (*** must differentiate from in situ thrombosis due to different
therapy)
Etiology:
Cardiac - mural thrombus, Ventricular aneurysm, MI, Afib
Aneurysm
Iatrogenic
Paradoxical embolus (DVT and L --> R shunt)
Assymetric pulmonary artery enlargement - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Pulmonary valve stenosis
Pulmonary artery aneurysm
AV fistula types - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Brescia - Cimino fistula - side to side anastomosis of radial
artery and cephalic vein at the wrist
Brachial artery and cephalic vein
Brachial artery and basilic vein
Femoral artery and saphenous vein
axillary artery anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅
Axillary artery approach - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Preferred - easier to access descending aorta
-left side approach crosses fewer CNS arteries (when going down aorta
-3J wire preferred
Disadvantages:
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Angiographic drugs - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅
Angiography complications - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1. Puncture site complications - groin
hematoma, AVF, pseudoaneurysm, vessel thrombosis, neuritis, infection
2. Contrast reaction - anaphylaxis, renal failure, cardiac failure, phlebitis
3. Catheter related complications -dissection, cholesterol emboli, thromboembolism, cerebrovascular
accident, arterial dissection
4. Therapy related complications (CNS bleed during thrombolysis)
Aortic stenosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Congential:
Coarctation
Pseudocoarctation
Williams syndrome
Rubella syndrome
Takayasu's (most common arteritis to cause stenosis)
NF
Radiation
Arc of Buehler - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Embryonic ventral communication of celiac artery to SMA
Arc of Riolan; Marginal artery of Drummond - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅SMA - IMA connection
Arm veins - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅
, Arterial embolism - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Clinical 5 Ps: pain, pallor, pulselessness, paresthesias,
paralysis
Multiple lesions at bifurcations. Lack of collaterals. Severe vasospasm. Menisci filling defects.
Treatment: Surgical embolectomy (*** must differentiate from in situ thrombosis due to different
therapy)
Etiology:
Cardiac - mural thrombus, Ventricular aneurysm, MI, Afib
Aneurysm
Iatrogenic
Paradoxical embolus (DVT and L --> R shunt)
Assymetric pulmonary artery enlargement - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Pulmonary valve stenosis
Pulmonary artery aneurysm
AV fistula types - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Brescia - Cimino fistula - side to side anastomosis of radial
artery and cephalic vein at the wrist
Brachial artery and cephalic vein
Brachial artery and basilic vein
Femoral artery and saphenous vein
axillary artery anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅
Axillary artery approach - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Preferred - easier to access descending aorta
-left side approach crosses fewer CNS arteries (when going down aorta
-3J wire preferred
Disadvantages:
