AAMI GEN 311 INTRO TO PATHOLOGY COMP
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Degeneration - CORRECT ANSWER - regressive tissue change characterized by
swelling of cells and chemical changes within the cells cytoplasm
Changes due to degeneration leads to - CORRECT ANSWER - the appearance w/in
the cell of substances normally absent or normally present in very small to undetectable
amounts
Form of degeneration cloudy swelling - CORRECT ANSWER - most common and least
damaging type of degeneration
Cloudy swelling is seen in most - CORRECT ANSWER - infections
Burn
Malnutrition
Shock
Cloudy swelling involves organs - CORRECT ANSWER - liver
Kidneys
Cloudy swelling does not often effect the - CORRECT ANSWER - heart
With cloudy swelling the - CORRECT ANSWER - cells appear swollen
Opaque
Cloudy
Fatty degeneration or steatosis - CORRECT ANSWER - abnormal accumulation of fat
or lipid w/in the cell
Most common organ affected by fatty degeneration or steatosis - CORRECT ANSWER
- liver
Alcoholism is the most common form of - CORRECT ANSWER - etiology (cause of fatty
degeneration/steatosis)
Other common causes for fatty degeneration or steatosis - CORRECT ANSWER -
starvation
Heavy metal poisoning
Chronic passive congestion
Prolonged fevers
Anoxia (lack of sufficient oxygen for normal function)
Anoxia - CORRECT ANSWER - lack of sufficient oxygen for normal function
,Grossly fatty liver is - CORRECT ANSWER - yellow
Soft
Greasy
With a fatty liver the microscope shows - CORRECT ANSWER - individual cells with the
normally pink cytoplasm all buy cleared out by fat giving the cells and empty
appearance
Fatty degeneration or steatosis change is potentially - CORRECT ANSWER - reversible
but may progress to scarring and cirrhosis if the source of damage is not addressed
Amyloid disease - CORRECT ANSWER - waxy starch like
Amyloid disease is a disease - CORRECT ANSWER - which a waxy starch like
glycoprotein accumulates in tissues and organs impairing their function
Amyloid is formed - CORRECT ANSWER - in the body and deposited in various organs
Deposition of waxy starch like substance can be - CORRECT ANSWER - wide spread
Depending on the specific disease process and involve the kidney
Liver
Spleen
Adrenal glands
Other organs
The accumulation of amyloid may - CORRECT ANSWER - represent a primary disease
(amyloidosis)
Infiltration - CORRECT ANSWER - process of a substance passing into a cell and being
deposited w/in the substance of a cell, tissue or organ
Infiltration is an accumulation - CORRECT ANSWER - of a substance that is not
normally present or is present in an excess amount
Infiltration is - CORRECT ANSWER - an intracellular change
Pigmentation - CORRECT ANSWER - increasse in the amount or irregular distribution
or pigments (color)
Two types of pigmentation - CORRECT ANSWER - exogenous pigmentation
Endogenous pigmentation
Exogenous pigmentation - CORRECT ANSWER - tissue discoloration due to pigments
that are not normally present in the body
, Exogenous pigmentation come from - CORRECT ANSWER - outside the body such as
breathing (pneumoconiosis)
Example of exogenous pigmentation - CORRECT ANSWER - carotenemia
Anthracosis
Carotenemia - CORRECT ANSWER - yellow discoloration of the skin from eating large
amounts of carotene containing food such as carrots
Carotenemia is often confused with - CORRECT ANSWER - jaundice
Jaundice - CORRECT ANSWER - endogenous pigmentation
Anthroacosis - CORRECT ANSWER - a carbon pigmentation deposited in the lungs
when inhaling coal dust over a long period of time
Endogenous pigmentation - CORRECT ANSWER - tissue discoloration due to pigment
that are normally present in the body
Example of endogenous pigmentation - CORRECT ANSWER - melanin
Freckles
Jaundice or icterus
Melanin - CORRECT ANSWER - brownish/black pigment in the epidermis (skin)
Freckles - CORRECT ANSWER - localized areas where melanin is increased
Jaundice or icterus - CORRECT ANSWER - yellow discoloration in the skin eyes nails
due to the retention of bilirubin (pigment portion of bile)
Bilrubin - CORRECT ANSWER - pigment portion of bile
Calcification - CORRECT ANSWER - accumulation of calcium salts in tissues
Calcification is the - CORRECT ANSWER - afternath of disease and is most common in
tuberculosis (the tubercle becomes calcified)
Calcification can also be seen in - CORRECT ANSWER - arteriosclerosis (calcification
or hardening of the arteries)
Gout - CORRECT ANSWER - disease of uric acid metabolism (sodium urate) crystals
accumulate in tissues and joints arising in joint pain
Gout is commonly seen in - CORRECT ANSWER - the foot but may also affect the
kidneys
REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025
Degeneration - CORRECT ANSWER - regressive tissue change characterized by
swelling of cells and chemical changes within the cells cytoplasm
Changes due to degeneration leads to - CORRECT ANSWER - the appearance w/in
the cell of substances normally absent or normally present in very small to undetectable
amounts
Form of degeneration cloudy swelling - CORRECT ANSWER - most common and least
damaging type of degeneration
Cloudy swelling is seen in most - CORRECT ANSWER - infections
Burn
Malnutrition
Shock
Cloudy swelling involves organs - CORRECT ANSWER - liver
Kidneys
Cloudy swelling does not often effect the - CORRECT ANSWER - heart
With cloudy swelling the - CORRECT ANSWER - cells appear swollen
Opaque
Cloudy
Fatty degeneration or steatosis - CORRECT ANSWER - abnormal accumulation of fat
or lipid w/in the cell
Most common organ affected by fatty degeneration or steatosis - CORRECT ANSWER
- liver
Alcoholism is the most common form of - CORRECT ANSWER - etiology (cause of fatty
degeneration/steatosis)
Other common causes for fatty degeneration or steatosis - CORRECT ANSWER -
starvation
Heavy metal poisoning
Chronic passive congestion
Prolonged fevers
Anoxia (lack of sufficient oxygen for normal function)
Anoxia - CORRECT ANSWER - lack of sufficient oxygen for normal function
,Grossly fatty liver is - CORRECT ANSWER - yellow
Soft
Greasy
With a fatty liver the microscope shows - CORRECT ANSWER - individual cells with the
normally pink cytoplasm all buy cleared out by fat giving the cells and empty
appearance
Fatty degeneration or steatosis change is potentially - CORRECT ANSWER - reversible
but may progress to scarring and cirrhosis if the source of damage is not addressed
Amyloid disease - CORRECT ANSWER - waxy starch like
Amyloid disease is a disease - CORRECT ANSWER - which a waxy starch like
glycoprotein accumulates in tissues and organs impairing their function
Amyloid is formed - CORRECT ANSWER - in the body and deposited in various organs
Deposition of waxy starch like substance can be - CORRECT ANSWER - wide spread
Depending on the specific disease process and involve the kidney
Liver
Spleen
Adrenal glands
Other organs
The accumulation of amyloid may - CORRECT ANSWER - represent a primary disease
(amyloidosis)
Infiltration - CORRECT ANSWER - process of a substance passing into a cell and being
deposited w/in the substance of a cell, tissue or organ
Infiltration is an accumulation - CORRECT ANSWER - of a substance that is not
normally present or is present in an excess amount
Infiltration is - CORRECT ANSWER - an intracellular change
Pigmentation - CORRECT ANSWER - increasse in the amount or irregular distribution
or pigments (color)
Two types of pigmentation - CORRECT ANSWER - exogenous pigmentation
Endogenous pigmentation
Exogenous pigmentation - CORRECT ANSWER - tissue discoloration due to pigments
that are not normally present in the body
, Exogenous pigmentation come from - CORRECT ANSWER - outside the body such as
breathing (pneumoconiosis)
Example of exogenous pigmentation - CORRECT ANSWER - carotenemia
Anthracosis
Carotenemia - CORRECT ANSWER - yellow discoloration of the skin from eating large
amounts of carotene containing food such as carrots
Carotenemia is often confused with - CORRECT ANSWER - jaundice
Jaundice - CORRECT ANSWER - endogenous pigmentation
Anthroacosis - CORRECT ANSWER - a carbon pigmentation deposited in the lungs
when inhaling coal dust over a long period of time
Endogenous pigmentation - CORRECT ANSWER - tissue discoloration due to pigment
that are normally present in the body
Example of endogenous pigmentation - CORRECT ANSWER - melanin
Freckles
Jaundice or icterus
Melanin - CORRECT ANSWER - brownish/black pigment in the epidermis (skin)
Freckles - CORRECT ANSWER - localized areas where melanin is increased
Jaundice or icterus - CORRECT ANSWER - yellow discoloration in the skin eyes nails
due to the retention of bilirubin (pigment portion of bile)
Bilrubin - CORRECT ANSWER - pigment portion of bile
Calcification - CORRECT ANSWER - accumulation of calcium salts in tissues
Calcification is the - CORRECT ANSWER - afternath of disease and is most common in
tuberculosis (the tubercle becomes calcified)
Calcification can also be seen in - CORRECT ANSWER - arteriosclerosis (calcification
or hardening of the arteries)
Gout - CORRECT ANSWER - disease of uric acid metabolism (sodium urate) crystals
accumulate in tissues and joints arising in joint pain
Gout is commonly seen in - CORRECT ANSWER - the foot but may also affect the
kidneys
