NR226 FUNDAMENTALS OF PATIENT CARE FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2025

ESTUDYR



NR226 FUNDAMENTALS OF PATIENT CARE
FINAL EXAM REVIEW 2025
1. Clinical decision-making requires the nurse to...

 A. Improve a patient's health

 B. Standardize care for the patient

 C. Follow the health care provider's orders for patient care

 D. Establish and weigh criteria in deciding the best choice of therapy for a patient
Answer: D. Establish and weigh criteria in deciding the best choice of therapy for a
patient
Rationale: Effective clinical decision-making involves analyzing all factors affecting the
patient and choosing the best interventions to achieve optimal outcomes. This process
requires critical thinking and is individualized.



2. Which of the following is NOT one of the five steps of the nursing process?

 A. Planning

 B. Evaluation

 C. Assessment

 D. Hypothesis testing
Answer: D. Hypothesis testing
Rationale: The five steps of the nursing process are assessment, diagnosis, planning,
implementation, and evaluation. Hypothesis testing is not part of the nursing process.



3. Gathering, verifying, and communicating data about the patient to establish a database is
an example of which component of the nursing process?

 A. Planning

 B. Evaluation

 C. Assessment

,ESTUDYR


 D. Implementation

 E. Nursing Diagnosis
Answer: C. Assessment
Rationale: Assessment is the first step in the nursing process, where the nurse collects
both subjective and objective data to create a comprehensive patient database.



4. The interview technique most effective in strengthening the nurse-patient relationship by
demonstrating the nurse's willingness to hear the patient's thoughts is...

 A. Direct question

 B. Problem solving

 C. Problem seeking

 D. Open-ended questions
Answer: D. Open-ended questions
Rationale: Open-ended questions encourage patients to express their feelings and
concerns in detail, fostering trust and communication.



5. While obtaining a health history from a patient, the nurse asks if they have noted any
changes in activity tolerance. This is an example of which interview technique?

 A. Direct question

 B. Problem-solving

 C. Problem-seeking

 D. Open-ended question
Answer: A. Direct question
Rationale: Direct questions are used to obtain specific information quickly and
efficiently, such as changes in activity tolerance.



6. A patient reports experiencing frequent episodes of indigestion. The nurse asks if the
indigestion is associated with meals or reclining and what relieves it. This is an example of
which interview technique?

,ESTUDYR


 A. Direct question

 B. Problem solving

 C. Problem seeking

 D. Open-ended question
Answer: C. Problem seeking
Rationale: Problem-seeking questions explore the nature of a problem in detail, helping
the nurse gather critical data to inform care decisions.



7. The information obtained in a review of systems is...

 A. Objective

 B. Subjective

 C. Based on nurse perspective

 D. Based on physical exam findings
Answer: B. Subjective
Rationale: A review of systems involves asking patients about their experiences and
symptoms, which are subjective and reported directly by the patient.



8. A nursing diagnosis...

 A. Identifies nursing problems

 B. Is not changed during the course of the patient's hospitalization

 C. Is derived from the physician's history and physical examination

 D. Is a statement of a patient response to a health problem that requires nursing
intervention
Answer: D. Is a statement of a patient response to a health problem that requires
nursing intervention
Rationale: Nursing diagnoses focus on patient responses to health conditions and
identify needs requiring nursing care. They are not static and can change as the patient's
condition evolves.

9. The nurse identifies which of the following as the primary purpose of the nursing process?

, ESTUDYR


 A. To establish a medical diagnosis

 B. To standardize care plans across all patients

 C. To provide individualized, patient-centered care

 D. To ensure all health care providers follow the same plan
Answer: C. To provide individualized, patient-centered care
Rationale: The nursing process is designed to deliver individualized care by addressing
each patient's unique needs and responses to health issues.



10. The nurse is using active listening during patient interactions. Which of the following
actions best demonstrates active listening?

 A. Avoiding direct eye contact to reduce patient anxiety

 B. Nodding occasionally and maintaining eye contact

 C. Interrupting the patient to clarify details

 D. Documenting everything while the patient speaks
Answer: B. Nodding occasionally and maintaining eye contact
Rationale: Active listening involves nonverbal cues such as nodding and maintaining eye
contact, demonstrating that the nurse is engaged and attentive.



11. A nurse is developing a care plan for a patient. Which of the following nursing diagnoses is
written correctly?

 A. Acute pain related to surgical incision

 B. Risk for falls due to advanced age

 C. Fluid volume deficit as evidenced by vomiting

 D. Impaired mobility caused by broken leg
Answer: A. Acute pain related to surgical incision
Rationale: Nursing diagnoses should include a diagnostic label, related factors, and,
when appropriate, defining characteristics. The other options contain errors in structure
or focus.