NURS 245 UNIT 2 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS
First line of defense - ANSWER Mechanical barriers like skin and mucous membranes.
Second line of defense - ANSWER Includes phagocytosis, inflammation, and interferon.
Third line of defense - ANSWER Production of specific antibodies during immune
response.
Inflammation - ANSWER Protective mechanism indicating underlying problems.
Suffix -itis - ANSWER Indicates inflammation in medical terminology.
Signs of inflammation - ANSWER Serve as warnings for potential health issues.
Causes of inflammation - ANSWER Includes physical damage, allergic reactions, and
infections.
Bradykinin - ANSWER Chemical released from injured cells activating pain receptors.
Histamine - ANSWER Released by mast cells, causing capillary dilation.
Neutrophils - ANSWER White blood cells that phagocytize bacteria.
Macrophages - ANSWER Leave bloodstream for phagocytosis of microbes.
Chemical mediators - ANSWER Substances driving inflammation and immune response.
Vascular phase - ANSWER Involves vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and permeability
changes.
Cellular phase - ANSWER Involves chemotaxis, margination, and phagocytosis.
Cardinal signs of inflammation - ANSWER Rubor, tumor, calor, dolor, functio laesa.
Rubor - ANSWER Redness caused by increased blood flow.
Tumor - ANSWER Swelling due to fluid shift into tissues.
Calor - ANSWER Warmth from increased blood flow to injury.
Dolor - ANSWER Pain from pressure on nerves and mediators.
Functio laesa - ANSWER Loss of function due to nutrient lack and edema.
Pyrexia - ANSWER Fever caused by extensive inflammation.
, Interleukins - ANSWER Type of pyrogen released by leukocytes.
Fever patterns - ANSWER Include intermittent, sustained, remittent, and relapsing.
Malaise - ANSWER General feeling of unwellness due to inflammation.
Fever - ANSWER Temporary increase in body temperature.
Leukocytosis - ANSWER Increased white blood cell count.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate - ANSWER Rate at which red blood cells settle.
Differential Count - ANSWER Percentage of different white blood cell types.
C-reactive Protein - ANSWER Plasma protein indicating inflammation.
Chronic Inflammation - ANSWER Persistent inflammation following acute episode.
Granulomatous Inflammation - ANSWER Chronic inflammation characterized by
granuloma formation.
Granuloma - ANSWER Mass of macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes.
Acute Inflammation - ANSWER Short-term inflammatory response to injury.
Stable Cells - ANSWER Cells that stop dividing when growth ceases.
Permanent Cells - ANSWER Cells that cannot undergo mitotic division.
Resolution - ANSWER Return to original structure after minimal damage.
Regeneration - ANSWER Replacement of damaged tissue with functional cells.
Replacement - ANSWER Scar tissue replaces destroyed tissue.
Primary Intention Healing - ANSWER Healing of small, clean wounds.
Secondary Intention Healing - ANSWER Healing with significant tissue loss and
contamination.
COMPLETE ANSWERS
First line of defense - ANSWER Mechanical barriers like skin and mucous membranes.
Second line of defense - ANSWER Includes phagocytosis, inflammation, and interferon.
Third line of defense - ANSWER Production of specific antibodies during immune
response.
Inflammation - ANSWER Protective mechanism indicating underlying problems.
Suffix -itis - ANSWER Indicates inflammation in medical terminology.
Signs of inflammation - ANSWER Serve as warnings for potential health issues.
Causes of inflammation - ANSWER Includes physical damage, allergic reactions, and
infections.
Bradykinin - ANSWER Chemical released from injured cells activating pain receptors.
Histamine - ANSWER Released by mast cells, causing capillary dilation.
Neutrophils - ANSWER White blood cells that phagocytize bacteria.
Macrophages - ANSWER Leave bloodstream for phagocytosis of microbes.
Chemical mediators - ANSWER Substances driving inflammation and immune response.
Vascular phase - ANSWER Involves vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and permeability
changes.
Cellular phase - ANSWER Involves chemotaxis, margination, and phagocytosis.
Cardinal signs of inflammation - ANSWER Rubor, tumor, calor, dolor, functio laesa.
Rubor - ANSWER Redness caused by increased blood flow.
Tumor - ANSWER Swelling due to fluid shift into tissues.
Calor - ANSWER Warmth from increased blood flow to injury.
Dolor - ANSWER Pain from pressure on nerves and mediators.
Functio laesa - ANSWER Loss of function due to nutrient lack and edema.
Pyrexia - ANSWER Fever caused by extensive inflammation.
, Interleukins - ANSWER Type of pyrogen released by leukocytes.
Fever patterns - ANSWER Include intermittent, sustained, remittent, and relapsing.
Malaise - ANSWER General feeling of unwellness due to inflammation.
Fever - ANSWER Temporary increase in body temperature.
Leukocytosis - ANSWER Increased white blood cell count.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate - ANSWER Rate at which red blood cells settle.
Differential Count - ANSWER Percentage of different white blood cell types.
C-reactive Protein - ANSWER Plasma protein indicating inflammation.
Chronic Inflammation - ANSWER Persistent inflammation following acute episode.
Granulomatous Inflammation - ANSWER Chronic inflammation characterized by
granuloma formation.
Granuloma - ANSWER Mass of macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes.
Acute Inflammation - ANSWER Short-term inflammatory response to injury.
Stable Cells - ANSWER Cells that stop dividing when growth ceases.
Permanent Cells - ANSWER Cells that cannot undergo mitotic division.
Resolution - ANSWER Return to original structure after minimal damage.
Regeneration - ANSWER Replacement of damaged tissue with functional cells.
Replacement - ANSWER Scar tissue replaces destroyed tissue.
Primary Intention Healing - ANSWER Healing of small, clean wounds.
Secondary Intention Healing - ANSWER Healing with significant tissue loss and
contamination.
