MGRADES
Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical
Conduct for Research Involving Humans
(TCPS 2) UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans? -
CORRECT ANSWER - In Canada, the main guidance document for the ethics of research
involving human participants is the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research
Involving Humans - TCPS 2 (2018).
What does TCPS 2 (2018) apply to? - CORRECT ANSWER - TCPS 2 (2018) applies to
all research involving humans, conducted in Canada or abroad, by researchers working under the
auspices of institutions eligible for funding by federal agencies like CIHR, NSERC, and SSHRC.
Why is research essential to the advancement of society? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Research enhances our understanding of the world and is crucial for societal progress.
What is the importance of human participants understanding risks in research? - CORRECT
ANSWER - For research involving humans to be ethical, participants must comprehend
risks and voluntarily choose to participate.
How is respect for human dignity manifested in research? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Respect for human dignity in research involves treating participants with dignity throughout the
research process, from recruitment to result dissemination.
The core principles - CORRECT ANSWER - In the TCPS 2, three complementary core
principles serve as the guide to ethical research involving human participants:
Respect for Persons
Concern for Welfare
Justice
,MGRADES
What does Respect for Persons mean? - CORRECT ANSWER - Respecting the intrinsic
value and autonomy of each individual.
How does Respect for Persons apply in research? - CORRECT ANSWER - Participants
should voluntarily subject themselves to research risks, understand the purpose and benefits, and
have their values and choices respected.
What additional measures are taken to protect individuals lacking decision-making capacity in
research? - CORRECT ANSWER - Special safeguards are put in place to protect those
who cannot make their own decisions.
What does Concern for Welfare entail in research? - CORRECT ANSWER - Avoiding
exposing participants to unnecessary risks and considering their physical, mental, and spiritual
health, as well as their circumstances.
How should researchers and ethics boards consider Concern for Welfare? - CORRECT
ANSWER - They must understand the impact of risks on participants and their groups to
achieve a balance of risks and benefits.
What does justice in research entail? - CORRECT ANSWER - Justice in research involves
treating persons fairly and equitably, considering participant selection criteria and power
imbalances.
How does justice relate to fairness and equity? - CORRECT ANSWER - Justice involves
treating individuals fairly by according them equal respect and equitably by ensuring a fair
distribution of burdens and benefits.
Why is it important to consider power imbalances in research? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Power imbalances between researchers and participants can undermine autonomy and welfare,
highlighting the importance of justice in research.
, MGRADES
What laws and regulations should researchers be aware of in their jurisdiction? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Researchers are expected to be aware of and to respect the laws and
regulations in their jurisdiction as they relate to research involving humans.
What laws should researchers consider when conducting research outside their jurisdiction? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Researchers should also consider the laws that may apply in the
countries or regions where the research is being conducted, if outside of their jurisdiction.
How should researchers resolve any conflicts that arise or are anticipated between legal
obligations and ethics considerations, - CORRECT ANSWER - researchers should consult
with colleagues, their REBs, or any relevant professional body, and if necessary, they should
seek independent legal advice.
Who is responsible for the TCPS 2? - CORRECT ANSWER - - The Social Sciences and
Humanities Research Council (SSHRC)
- the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
- The Secretariat on Responsible Conduct of Research (SRCR)
- The Panel on Research Ethics (PRE)
The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), the Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); and the Canadian Institutes of Health
Research (CIHR) (the Agencies) - CORRECT ANSWER - Canada's three main research
funding agencies - developed the TCPS in 1998 in order to have a single source of guidance for
research ethics.
What is the role of the Secretariat on Responsible Conduct of Research (SRCR)? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Drafts, revises, interprets, and helps to implement the TCPS.
How does the SRCR support the research community? - CORRECT ANSWER - Responds
to questions from researchers and REBs about how to interpret and apply the TCPS.
Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical
Conduct for Research Involving Humans
(TCPS 2) UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans? -
CORRECT ANSWER - In Canada, the main guidance document for the ethics of research
involving human participants is the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research
Involving Humans - TCPS 2 (2018).
What does TCPS 2 (2018) apply to? - CORRECT ANSWER - TCPS 2 (2018) applies to
all research involving humans, conducted in Canada or abroad, by researchers working under the
auspices of institutions eligible for funding by federal agencies like CIHR, NSERC, and SSHRC.
Why is research essential to the advancement of society? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Research enhances our understanding of the world and is crucial for societal progress.
What is the importance of human participants understanding risks in research? - CORRECT
ANSWER - For research involving humans to be ethical, participants must comprehend
risks and voluntarily choose to participate.
How is respect for human dignity manifested in research? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Respect for human dignity in research involves treating participants with dignity throughout the
research process, from recruitment to result dissemination.
The core principles - CORRECT ANSWER - In the TCPS 2, three complementary core
principles serve as the guide to ethical research involving human participants:
Respect for Persons
Concern for Welfare
Justice
,MGRADES
What does Respect for Persons mean? - CORRECT ANSWER - Respecting the intrinsic
value and autonomy of each individual.
How does Respect for Persons apply in research? - CORRECT ANSWER - Participants
should voluntarily subject themselves to research risks, understand the purpose and benefits, and
have their values and choices respected.
What additional measures are taken to protect individuals lacking decision-making capacity in
research? - CORRECT ANSWER - Special safeguards are put in place to protect those
who cannot make their own decisions.
What does Concern for Welfare entail in research? - CORRECT ANSWER - Avoiding
exposing participants to unnecessary risks and considering their physical, mental, and spiritual
health, as well as their circumstances.
How should researchers and ethics boards consider Concern for Welfare? - CORRECT
ANSWER - They must understand the impact of risks on participants and their groups to
achieve a balance of risks and benefits.
What does justice in research entail? - CORRECT ANSWER - Justice in research involves
treating persons fairly and equitably, considering participant selection criteria and power
imbalances.
How does justice relate to fairness and equity? - CORRECT ANSWER - Justice involves
treating individuals fairly by according them equal respect and equitably by ensuring a fair
distribution of burdens and benefits.
Why is it important to consider power imbalances in research? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Power imbalances between researchers and participants can undermine autonomy and welfare,
highlighting the importance of justice in research.
, MGRADES
What laws and regulations should researchers be aware of in their jurisdiction? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Researchers are expected to be aware of and to respect the laws and
regulations in their jurisdiction as they relate to research involving humans.
What laws should researchers consider when conducting research outside their jurisdiction? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Researchers should also consider the laws that may apply in the
countries or regions where the research is being conducted, if outside of their jurisdiction.
How should researchers resolve any conflicts that arise or are anticipated between legal
obligations and ethics considerations, - CORRECT ANSWER - researchers should consult
with colleagues, their REBs, or any relevant professional body, and if necessary, they should
seek independent legal advice.
Who is responsible for the TCPS 2? - CORRECT ANSWER - - The Social Sciences and
Humanities Research Council (SSHRC)
- the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
- The Secretariat on Responsible Conduct of Research (SRCR)
- The Panel on Research Ethics (PRE)
The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC), the Natural Sciences and
Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); and the Canadian Institutes of Health
Research (CIHR) (the Agencies) - CORRECT ANSWER - Canada's three main research
funding agencies - developed the TCPS in 1998 in order to have a single source of guidance for
research ethics.
What is the role of the Secretariat on Responsible Conduct of Research (SRCR)? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Drafts, revises, interprets, and helps to implement the TCPS.
How does the SRCR support the research community? - CORRECT ANSWER - Responds
to questions from researchers and REBs about how to interpret and apply the TCPS.
