NST 10 - Midterm 1 Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
Glycemic Index - ANSWER✔✔-Ranking of effect on blood glucose of a food of a certain
carb relative to an equal amount of carb from a reference food such as white bread or
glucose
Glycemic Load - ANSWER✔✔-Index of glycemic response after eating specific foods:
Calculated by multiplying glycemic index by amount of available cars in a serving of
the food.
Glucogenic Amino Acid - ANSWER✔✔-Amino acid used to synthesize glucose through
gluconeogenesis
Ketogenic Amino Acid - ANSWER✔✔-Amino Acid that breaks down to form acetyl-
CoA and contributes to ketone synthesis
Ketones/Ketone Bodies - ANSWER✔✔-Molecules formed in liver when there is not
sufficient carb to completely metabolize the two-carbon units produced from fat
breakdown
, -Ketosis: build up of ketones in blood
Type 1 Diabetes - ANSWER✔✔-Immune system destroys cells that produce insulin
(juvenile diabetes)
Type 2 Diabetes - ANSWER✔✔-Insulin resistance and insulin deficiency
Lipids - ANSWER✔✔-Nonpolar; don;t dissolve in water
Ex: Fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols
Triglyceride - ANSWER✔✔-Major form of lipid in food and body; consists of one
glycerol and three fatty acids
Fatty Acid - ANSWER✔✔-Chain of carbons linked to hydrogen atoms with acid at one
end and omega (or methyl) at the other end
Phospholipid - ANSWER✔✔-Glycerol and two fatty acids and phosphate group
Sterol - ANSWER✔✔-Type of lipid composed of multiple chemical rings; found in
plants and animals.
Ex: Cholesterol
Saturated Fatty Acid - ANSWER✔✔-No carbon-carbon double bonds; all have
hydrogen atoms. Palmitic has 16 carbons and Stearic has 18 carbons.
Ex: Red meats, butter, cheese, whole milk, tropical oils, etc
Questions and Answers
Glycemic Index - ANSWER✔✔-Ranking of effect on blood glucose of a food of a certain
carb relative to an equal amount of carb from a reference food such as white bread or
glucose
Glycemic Load - ANSWER✔✔-Index of glycemic response after eating specific foods:
Calculated by multiplying glycemic index by amount of available cars in a serving of
the food.
Glucogenic Amino Acid - ANSWER✔✔-Amino acid used to synthesize glucose through
gluconeogenesis
Ketogenic Amino Acid - ANSWER✔✔-Amino Acid that breaks down to form acetyl-
CoA and contributes to ketone synthesis
Ketones/Ketone Bodies - ANSWER✔✔-Molecules formed in liver when there is not
sufficient carb to completely metabolize the two-carbon units produced from fat
breakdown
, -Ketosis: build up of ketones in blood
Type 1 Diabetes - ANSWER✔✔-Immune system destroys cells that produce insulin
(juvenile diabetes)
Type 2 Diabetes - ANSWER✔✔-Insulin resistance and insulin deficiency
Lipids - ANSWER✔✔-Nonpolar; don;t dissolve in water
Ex: Fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, sterols
Triglyceride - ANSWER✔✔-Major form of lipid in food and body; consists of one
glycerol and three fatty acids
Fatty Acid - ANSWER✔✔-Chain of carbons linked to hydrogen atoms with acid at one
end and omega (or methyl) at the other end
Phospholipid - ANSWER✔✔-Glycerol and two fatty acids and phosphate group
Sterol - ANSWER✔✔-Type of lipid composed of multiple chemical rings; found in
plants and animals.
Ex: Cholesterol
Saturated Fatty Acid - ANSWER✔✔-No carbon-carbon double bonds; all have
hydrogen atoms. Palmitic has 16 carbons and Stearic has 18 carbons.
Ex: Red meats, butter, cheese, whole milk, tropical oils, etc
