NST 10 Midterm 2 Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
Food security - ANSWER✔✔-all members of a household have access at all times to
enough food for an active, healthy life
4 main components of food security - ANSWER✔✔-Availability, access, stability, and
utilization
Availability - ANSWER✔✔-sufficient quantities of food that are of appropriate
quantity, supplied through domestic production of imports (including food aid)
Food deserts - ANSWER✔✔-areas devoid of fresh fruit, vegetables, and healthy foods;
24 million people live in this
Access - ANSWER✔✔-one has adequate resources for acquiring appropriate foods for a
nutritious diet; lack of _______ correlates to not being able to afford food; transportation
Utilization - ANSWER✔✔-food use based knowledge of basic nutrition care, as well as
adequate water and sanitation; starts with food education, food assistance programs,
access to facilities for food storage/preparation
,Stability - ANSWER✔✔-access and availability of adequate food at all times
Causes of change in food security - ANSWER✔✔-Sudden shocks: economic &
sociopolitical crisis, natural disaster, health changes
Cyclical events: monthly food insecurity due to paychecks/food stamps
Degrees of food security: high - ANSWER✔✔-consistent access/availability of adequate
food
Degrees of food security: marginal - ANSWER✔✔-slight difficulty accessing adequate
food, but quality, variety, and quantity of food intake not substantially reduced
food insecurity in the US - ANSWER✔✔-nearly 15% of households and over 15% of the
population are food insecure; food insecurity is higher in many Southern/mid-western
states
food insecurity and obesity - ANSWER✔✔-66% of adults in the US overweight or obese,
but many also experiencing nutrient deficiencies; many families who are food insecure
are also obese or at risk of obesity
dietary supplement - ANSWER✔✔-a product intended for ingestion (taken as a pill,
capsule, tablet, powder, liquid) that contains a "dietary ingredient"
what is in a dietary supplement? - ANSWER✔✔-vitamins, minerals, amino acids,
herbs/botanicals, extract/metabolites/combo
,industry regulations for supplements - ANSWER✔✔-not categorized as food or drugs;
not regulated by FDA for safety or effectiveness before they are marketed
(manufacturers are responsible for determining the product is safe, but not
effectiveness)
FTC - ANSWER✔✔-Federal trade commission; regulates dietary supplement
advertising
Forms of industry regulation: legal (pharmaceuticals) - ANSWER✔✔-FDA: "current
good manufacturing practice" (cGHP regulations); ensures products contain the right
ingredients and correct dosage
Forms of industry regulation: voluntary (supplements) - ANSWER✔✔-United States
Pharmacopeia (USP); confirms the contents of the dietary supplements, evaluates
manufacturing processes, and investigates compliance with standards of purity
requirements of supplement labels - ANSWER✔✔-ingredients, amount present in each
pill, % daily value. suggested daily dose, common name of plant and part of plant used
supplement's labels may include: - ANSWER✔✔-Health claims specific to the nutrient
involved but not the supplement, claim that the lack of a nutrient causes a deficiency
disease, statement of general well-being results from consuming these ingredients, and
nutrient content claims
, supplement's labels may not include: - ANSWER✔✔-claims that it treat, cures, or
prevent a disease
when are supplements appropriate? - ANSWER✔✔-recommended by a health
professional, certain micronutrient deficiencies, limited dietary patterns
considerations for supplements - ANSWER✔✔-efficacy, dosage, labelling,
contraindications, misleading claims, cost
misleading claims of supplements - ANSWER✔✔-beware of "organic" and "natural",
"natural" claims are not regulated, "organic" not always healthy
Fad Diet - ANSWER✔✔-a weight loss plan or aid that promises dramatic results
red flags of Fad Diet - ANSWER✔✔-promises results too good to be true, uses
anecdotal evidence from celebrities with miraculous results, uses scientific jargon meant
to impress with unfounded research, and source of product found in exotic source
Paleo diet - ANSWER✔✔-occurred after Agricultural Revolution; claims it stabilizes
blood sugar, anti-inflammatory, clear skin. pros: nutrient dense and high fiber; cons:
lots of animal source foods (saturated fat and cholesterol) and overly restrictive -
nutrient deficiencies
cleansing and detoxing - ANSWER✔✔-a period of fasting or severe calorie restriction
followed by a strict diet of vegetables and fruit juice; claims: a regulated/nourished
Questions and Answers
Food security - ANSWER✔✔-all members of a household have access at all times to
enough food for an active, healthy life
4 main components of food security - ANSWER✔✔-Availability, access, stability, and
utilization
Availability - ANSWER✔✔-sufficient quantities of food that are of appropriate
quantity, supplied through domestic production of imports (including food aid)
Food deserts - ANSWER✔✔-areas devoid of fresh fruit, vegetables, and healthy foods;
24 million people live in this
Access - ANSWER✔✔-one has adequate resources for acquiring appropriate foods for a
nutritious diet; lack of _______ correlates to not being able to afford food; transportation
Utilization - ANSWER✔✔-food use based knowledge of basic nutrition care, as well as
adequate water and sanitation; starts with food education, food assistance programs,
access to facilities for food storage/preparation
,Stability - ANSWER✔✔-access and availability of adequate food at all times
Causes of change in food security - ANSWER✔✔-Sudden shocks: economic &
sociopolitical crisis, natural disaster, health changes
Cyclical events: monthly food insecurity due to paychecks/food stamps
Degrees of food security: high - ANSWER✔✔-consistent access/availability of adequate
food
Degrees of food security: marginal - ANSWER✔✔-slight difficulty accessing adequate
food, but quality, variety, and quantity of food intake not substantially reduced
food insecurity in the US - ANSWER✔✔-nearly 15% of households and over 15% of the
population are food insecure; food insecurity is higher in many Southern/mid-western
states
food insecurity and obesity - ANSWER✔✔-66% of adults in the US overweight or obese,
but many also experiencing nutrient deficiencies; many families who are food insecure
are also obese or at risk of obesity
dietary supplement - ANSWER✔✔-a product intended for ingestion (taken as a pill,
capsule, tablet, powder, liquid) that contains a "dietary ingredient"
what is in a dietary supplement? - ANSWER✔✔-vitamins, minerals, amino acids,
herbs/botanicals, extract/metabolites/combo
,industry regulations for supplements - ANSWER✔✔-not categorized as food or drugs;
not regulated by FDA for safety or effectiveness before they are marketed
(manufacturers are responsible for determining the product is safe, but not
effectiveness)
FTC - ANSWER✔✔-Federal trade commission; regulates dietary supplement
advertising
Forms of industry regulation: legal (pharmaceuticals) - ANSWER✔✔-FDA: "current
good manufacturing practice" (cGHP regulations); ensures products contain the right
ingredients and correct dosage
Forms of industry regulation: voluntary (supplements) - ANSWER✔✔-United States
Pharmacopeia (USP); confirms the contents of the dietary supplements, evaluates
manufacturing processes, and investigates compliance with standards of purity
requirements of supplement labels - ANSWER✔✔-ingredients, amount present in each
pill, % daily value. suggested daily dose, common name of plant and part of plant used
supplement's labels may include: - ANSWER✔✔-Health claims specific to the nutrient
involved but not the supplement, claim that the lack of a nutrient causes a deficiency
disease, statement of general well-being results from consuming these ingredients, and
nutrient content claims
, supplement's labels may not include: - ANSWER✔✔-claims that it treat, cures, or
prevent a disease
when are supplements appropriate? - ANSWER✔✔-recommended by a health
professional, certain micronutrient deficiencies, limited dietary patterns
considerations for supplements - ANSWER✔✔-efficacy, dosage, labelling,
contraindications, misleading claims, cost
misleading claims of supplements - ANSWER✔✔-beware of "organic" and "natural",
"natural" claims are not regulated, "organic" not always healthy
Fad Diet - ANSWER✔✔-a weight loss plan or aid that promises dramatic results
red flags of Fad Diet - ANSWER✔✔-promises results too good to be true, uses
anecdotal evidence from celebrities with miraculous results, uses scientific jargon meant
to impress with unfounded research, and source of product found in exotic source
Paleo diet - ANSWER✔✔-occurred after Agricultural Revolution; claims it stabilizes
blood sugar, anti-inflammatory, clear skin. pros: nutrient dense and high fiber; cons:
lots of animal source foods (saturated fat and cholesterol) and overly restrictive -
nutrient deficiencies
cleansing and detoxing - ANSWER✔✔-a period of fasting or severe calorie restriction
followed by a strict diet of vegetables and fruit juice; claims: a regulated/nourished
