NST 10: Midterm 3 Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
Water - ANSWER✔✔-the most abundant molecule in the body (about 2/3 of body
water is intracellular and 1/3 is extracellular)
Vitamin D - ANSWER✔✔-causes an increase in bone mineralization and Ca2+ along
with PO4- absorption from the GI tract and kidney tubules
Calcium - ANSWER✔✔-nerve conduction, intracellular signaling pathways, muscle
contraction, etc
calcium fortified foods: dairy, soy milk, tofu, kale, broccoli, bok chou
Phosphate - ANSWER✔✔-important for forming bones and teeth
Involved in metabolism of protein, fat, carbs.
Rickets - ANSWER✔✔-Vitamin D deficiency
, Abnormal calcification of the bones and changes in growth plates that lead to soft or
weak bones due to lack of Vitamin D. AAP advises that full-term breastfed infants
receive vitamin D supplement beginning at 2 months of age.
osteomalacia - ANSWER✔✔-softening of bone
disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency
Osteoporosis - ANSWER✔✔-A condition in which the body's bones become weak and
break easily.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - ANSWER✔✔-regulates calcium metabolism. promotes
the realease of calcium from bone tissue thus increasing the amount of calcium in
bloodstream
Calcitonin - ANSWER✔✔-A polypeptide hormone especially from the thyroid gland
that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma.
Non-Dietary Factors Influencing Bone Mass - ANSWER✔✔-(sex steroid hormone,
weight bearing, etc)
Hypercalcemia - ANSWER✔✔-excessive calcium in the blood
muscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain, confusion, absent tendon
reflexes, shallow respirations, emergency!
Hypocalcemia - ANSWER✔✔-deficient calcium in the blood
Questions and Answers
Water - ANSWER✔✔-the most abundant molecule in the body (about 2/3 of body
water is intracellular and 1/3 is extracellular)
Vitamin D - ANSWER✔✔-causes an increase in bone mineralization and Ca2+ along
with PO4- absorption from the GI tract and kidney tubules
Calcium - ANSWER✔✔-nerve conduction, intracellular signaling pathways, muscle
contraction, etc
calcium fortified foods: dairy, soy milk, tofu, kale, broccoli, bok chou
Phosphate - ANSWER✔✔-important for forming bones and teeth
Involved in metabolism of protein, fat, carbs.
Rickets - ANSWER✔✔-Vitamin D deficiency
, Abnormal calcification of the bones and changes in growth plates that lead to soft or
weak bones due to lack of Vitamin D. AAP advises that full-term breastfed infants
receive vitamin D supplement beginning at 2 months of age.
osteomalacia - ANSWER✔✔-softening of bone
disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium and vitamin D deficiency
Osteoporosis - ANSWER✔✔-A condition in which the body's bones become weak and
break easily.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) - ANSWER✔✔-regulates calcium metabolism. promotes
the realease of calcium from bone tissue thus increasing the amount of calcium in
bloodstream
Calcitonin - ANSWER✔✔-A polypeptide hormone especially from the thyroid gland
that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma.
Non-Dietary Factors Influencing Bone Mass - ANSWER✔✔-(sex steroid hormone,
weight bearing, etc)
Hypercalcemia - ANSWER✔✔-excessive calcium in the blood
muscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain, confusion, absent tendon
reflexes, shallow respirations, emergency!
Hypocalcemia - ANSWER✔✔-deficient calcium in the blood
