NCTRC PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
which faciliation technique is most frequently used to assist clients in acquiring social
interaction skills - Correct Answers -instruction strategies
rational: When developing and implementing programs that focus on the acquisition of
interaction skills,
the TRS functions in the role of educator. The interventions and facilitation techniques
are selected from
various instructional strategies. Although a TRS can counsel a client regarding the need
for interaction skills,
the actual acquisition of those skills involves a learning process. Thus, instructional
techniques are the most frequently
used facilitation techniques with social interaction skill development programs."
Reference: Peterson, C., Stumbo, NJ. (2021). Therapeutic Recreation Program Design:
Principles and Procedures.
6th ed. Champaign, IL: Sagamore-Venture Publishing. pg. 44Content Area: 3. Planning:
Objective 3.02. Design program services
which area is least important to a ctrs who is attempting to deliver culturally relvant
programming? - Correct Answers -social-economic conditions
Rationale: "Cultural competence is defined as being able to work effectively with
cultures other than your own by using a
set of behaviors, attitudes, and policies that are congruent with that culture (Cross et al.,
1989). To break this down further,
"culture" refers to integrated patterns of human behavior that include the language,
thoughts, actions, customs, beliefs,
and institutions of racial, ethnic, social, or religious groups. "Competence" implies
having the capacity to function
effectively as an individual or an organization within the context of the cultural beliefs,
practices, and needs presented
by people and their communities (American Association of Medical Colleges, 2005;
Cross et al., 1989)."Reference: Anderson, L., Heyne, L. (2021). Therapeutic Recreation
Practice: A Strengths Approach. 2nd ed. Champaign,
IL: Sagamore-Venture Publishing. pg. 6Content Area: 1. Professionalism: Objective
1.02. Maintain professional competency
,which secondary source should a CTRS use for an assessmetn when unable to collect
background information froma client who has dementia and expressive aphasia due to a
recent cerebrovascular accident (CVA) - Correct Answers -family reports
Rationale: "Secondary data sources are sources other than the participant; for example,
family members and
documentation provided by other team members."
Reference: Carter, MJ., Van Andel, GE. (2020). Therapeutic Recreation: A Practical
Approach. 5th ed. Prospect Long Grove,
IL: Waveland Press. pg. 94
Content Area: 2. Assessment: Objective 2.01. Conduct the assessment process
cerebrovascular accident - Correct Answers -a loss of blood flow to part of the brain
which damaged brain tissue.
they are caused by blood clots and broken blood vessels int he brain.
symptom includes dizziness numbness, weakness on one side of the body, and
problem with talking, writing, or understanding language.
A CTRS who is working in a long-term facility develops "life history albums" for clients
with dementia of the alzhimers type. the ctrs shcedules a weekly session with each
cleitn and reviews the cleitns album. which intervention technique is the CTRS using? -
Correct Answers -reminiscence therapy
Rationale: "Reminiscence has been broadly defined as "the act of relating personally
significant past experiences"
(Koffman, 2000, p. 29). Today reminiscence therapy has become widely accepted and
is among the most popular
psychosocial interventions applied with clients with dementia (B. Woods, Spector,
Jones, Orrell, & Davies, 2005). Azcurra
(2012) similarly explained the distinction between reminiscence and life review: simple
reminiscence is a form of
unstructured autobiographical storytelling used to communicate with others,
remembering past events and enhancing
positive feelings, while life review is more structured, covering the complete life span
and applying therapeutic approaches
as a stand-alone proposal or as part of another therapeutic framework such as cognitive
therapy, problem solving or
narrative therapy. (p. 423)"Reference: Austin, DR. (2018). Therapeutic Recreation:
Processes and Techniques. 8th ed. Champaign, IL: sagamore-venture publsihing pg.
169.
, reminiscence therapy
vs.
realilty orinetnation - Correct Answers -1. is a treatmetn that uses all the senses- sight,
touch, taste, smell and sound= to help indviduals with demential remember events,
people and places from their past lives. (recall memories)
vs.
2. is a therapeutikc technqiue used with epople who have dementia or are otherwise
disordeitned. the approach is to weave detials of their surroundings into the
conversations, including where they are, who they are with and what day it is.
dementia - Correct Answers -a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including
memory, thinking, and judgment, that is often accompanied by personality changes
Alzheimer's disease - Correct Answers -a progressive and irreversible brain disorder
characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and, finally,
physical functioning
Multple Sclerosis - Correct Answers -chronic and crippling disease of the CNS,
destruction of the myelin sheath or nerve cells. Loss of myelin slows transmission of
nerve impulses,
which etheical principle is being violated when the CTRS fails to discuss the results of
an assessemtn intervetnion with the client? - Correct Answers -veracity
principle 6
which interaction pattern is a cooperative action by at least two persons to achieve a
mutual goal? - Correct Answers -intragroup
Intergroup (interaction pattern)
(found in Therapuetic recreation program design: principles and prcedure p. 192 -
Correct Answers -actions of a competitive nature between two or more intragroup.
all teams and sports fall into this category. softball, relay, doubles tennis, and bridges.
(must cooperate with other team members as well as compete against their opponents)
intraindividaul (TR program design: principles and procedure) - Correct Answers -action
taking place within the mind of a person or action inviovling the mind and a part of the
body, but requiring no contact with another person or external object.
examples: twiddling thumbs, daydreaming, meditation, and fantasizing. p. 187
AND ANSWERS
which faciliation technique is most frequently used to assist clients in acquiring social
interaction skills - Correct Answers -instruction strategies
rational: When developing and implementing programs that focus on the acquisition of
interaction skills,
the TRS functions in the role of educator. The interventions and facilitation techniques
are selected from
various instructional strategies. Although a TRS can counsel a client regarding the need
for interaction skills,
the actual acquisition of those skills involves a learning process. Thus, instructional
techniques are the most frequently
used facilitation techniques with social interaction skill development programs."
Reference: Peterson, C., Stumbo, NJ. (2021). Therapeutic Recreation Program Design:
Principles and Procedures.
6th ed. Champaign, IL: Sagamore-Venture Publishing. pg. 44Content Area: 3. Planning:
Objective 3.02. Design program services
which area is least important to a ctrs who is attempting to deliver culturally relvant
programming? - Correct Answers -social-economic conditions
Rationale: "Cultural competence is defined as being able to work effectively with
cultures other than your own by using a
set of behaviors, attitudes, and policies that are congruent with that culture (Cross et al.,
1989). To break this down further,
"culture" refers to integrated patterns of human behavior that include the language,
thoughts, actions, customs, beliefs,
and institutions of racial, ethnic, social, or religious groups. "Competence" implies
having the capacity to function
effectively as an individual or an organization within the context of the cultural beliefs,
practices, and needs presented
by people and their communities (American Association of Medical Colleges, 2005;
Cross et al., 1989)."Reference: Anderson, L., Heyne, L. (2021). Therapeutic Recreation
Practice: A Strengths Approach. 2nd ed. Champaign,
IL: Sagamore-Venture Publishing. pg. 6Content Area: 1. Professionalism: Objective
1.02. Maintain professional competency
,which secondary source should a CTRS use for an assessmetn when unable to collect
background information froma client who has dementia and expressive aphasia due to a
recent cerebrovascular accident (CVA) - Correct Answers -family reports
Rationale: "Secondary data sources are sources other than the participant; for example,
family members and
documentation provided by other team members."
Reference: Carter, MJ., Van Andel, GE. (2020). Therapeutic Recreation: A Practical
Approach. 5th ed. Prospect Long Grove,
IL: Waveland Press. pg. 94
Content Area: 2. Assessment: Objective 2.01. Conduct the assessment process
cerebrovascular accident - Correct Answers -a loss of blood flow to part of the brain
which damaged brain tissue.
they are caused by blood clots and broken blood vessels int he brain.
symptom includes dizziness numbness, weakness on one side of the body, and
problem with talking, writing, or understanding language.
A CTRS who is working in a long-term facility develops "life history albums" for clients
with dementia of the alzhimers type. the ctrs shcedules a weekly session with each
cleitn and reviews the cleitns album. which intervention technique is the CTRS using? -
Correct Answers -reminiscence therapy
Rationale: "Reminiscence has been broadly defined as "the act of relating personally
significant past experiences"
(Koffman, 2000, p. 29). Today reminiscence therapy has become widely accepted and
is among the most popular
psychosocial interventions applied with clients with dementia (B. Woods, Spector,
Jones, Orrell, & Davies, 2005). Azcurra
(2012) similarly explained the distinction between reminiscence and life review: simple
reminiscence is a form of
unstructured autobiographical storytelling used to communicate with others,
remembering past events and enhancing
positive feelings, while life review is more structured, covering the complete life span
and applying therapeutic approaches
as a stand-alone proposal or as part of another therapeutic framework such as cognitive
therapy, problem solving or
narrative therapy. (p. 423)"Reference: Austin, DR. (2018). Therapeutic Recreation:
Processes and Techniques. 8th ed. Champaign, IL: sagamore-venture publsihing pg.
169.
, reminiscence therapy
vs.
realilty orinetnation - Correct Answers -1. is a treatmetn that uses all the senses- sight,
touch, taste, smell and sound= to help indviduals with demential remember events,
people and places from their past lives. (recall memories)
vs.
2. is a therapeutikc technqiue used with epople who have dementia or are otherwise
disordeitned. the approach is to weave detials of their surroundings into the
conversations, including where they are, who they are with and what day it is.
dementia - Correct Answers -a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including
memory, thinking, and judgment, that is often accompanied by personality changes
Alzheimer's disease - Correct Answers -a progressive and irreversible brain disorder
characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and, finally,
physical functioning
Multple Sclerosis - Correct Answers -chronic and crippling disease of the CNS,
destruction of the myelin sheath or nerve cells. Loss of myelin slows transmission of
nerve impulses,
which etheical principle is being violated when the CTRS fails to discuss the results of
an assessemtn intervetnion with the client? - Correct Answers -veracity
principle 6
which interaction pattern is a cooperative action by at least two persons to achieve a
mutual goal? - Correct Answers -intragroup
Intergroup (interaction pattern)
(found in Therapuetic recreation program design: principles and prcedure p. 192 -
Correct Answers -actions of a competitive nature between two or more intragroup.
all teams and sports fall into this category. softball, relay, doubles tennis, and bridges.
(must cooperate with other team members as well as compete against their opponents)
intraindividaul (TR program design: principles and procedure) - Correct Answers -action
taking place within the mind of a person or action inviovling the mind and a part of the
body, but requiring no contact with another person or external object.
examples: twiddling thumbs, daydreaming, meditation, and fantasizing. p. 187
