Multicultural Counseling Final. | Exam Revision Questions And
Correct Answers | Graded A+ | 2025 Update |
Most commonly used substance - Answer -Alcohol
Rise of use of what substance? - Answer -Prescription Drugs
Why do military personnel use drugs and alcohol? (list 2) - Answer --knowing you may be
involved in
armed conflict or actually being in armed conflict
-The more and the longer the deployments, the more substance abuse
-The stress of being separated from your spouse and family
-Long periods of boredom on a base or in a war setting
-A history of accepted alcohol use (changing)
-Other: relocation, trauma, low pay, physical challenges, challenge of being a female service
member
Definition of PTSD - Answer -Occurs when an individual experiences an event that is outside of
the range
of usual human experience and that would be markedly distressing to almost anyone
Symptoms of PTSD - Answer --The mind is unable to answer how or why or what the event means
-Symptoms last as long as the mind needs to reorganize, classify, and make sense of event
-If event is not integrated, stressor can reemerge in many forms
Know the 2 categories of trauma - Answer -Type 1 - Sudden, distinct traumatic event
Type 2 - Long-standing and comes from repeated traumatic events
Type 1 - Sudden, distinct traumatic event - Answer --Type 1 events are fully detailed
-Etched in memory
-Retrospective rumination - meditation, reflection on the event
-Cognitive reappraisals, reasons, misperceptions and mistimings of events
-Appraisal - estimating or judging the nature or value of something
Type 2 - Long-standing and comes from repeated traumatic events - Answer --Develop defensive
and
, coping strategies to ward off repeated assaults on integrity
-Massive denial
-Psychic numbing
-Repression-subconsciously pushing painful memories or feelings out of awareness
-Dissociation-losing touch with reality; separating from oneself
-Self-anesthesia
-Identification with the aggressor
-Aggression turned towards self
-Absence of feeling
-Sense of rage and/or unremitting sadness
3 stages of PTSD - Answer -Stage 1 - Response to Trauma
Stage 2 - Acute Stage
Stage 3 - Chronic
Stage 1 - Response to Trauma - Answer --If trauma occurs with a non-vulnerable victim (no
preexisting
emotional issues), they are stressed by the event and produce all or some of anxiety symptoms:
-Palpitations
-Shakes
-Hyperventilation
-Nausea, vomiting
-Pain
-If the trauma occurs with a vulnerable victim (already comes with high level of anxiety), they
visualize
more dramatically the possible consequences of the event
Stage 2 - Acute Stage - Answer --Certain symptoms persist beyond 1 month
Incident is focus of their life
-Recurrent thoughts/dreams - causes them to stay in a heightened state of anxiety
Stage 3 - Chronic - Answer --No sharp change from acute to chronic
-Change from preoccupation of original trauma to larger concerns related to incident
Correct Answers | Graded A+ | 2025 Update |
Most commonly used substance - Answer -Alcohol
Rise of use of what substance? - Answer -Prescription Drugs
Why do military personnel use drugs and alcohol? (list 2) - Answer --knowing you may be
involved in
armed conflict or actually being in armed conflict
-The more and the longer the deployments, the more substance abuse
-The stress of being separated from your spouse and family
-Long periods of boredom on a base or in a war setting
-A history of accepted alcohol use (changing)
-Other: relocation, trauma, low pay, physical challenges, challenge of being a female service
member
Definition of PTSD - Answer -Occurs when an individual experiences an event that is outside of
the range
of usual human experience and that would be markedly distressing to almost anyone
Symptoms of PTSD - Answer --The mind is unable to answer how or why or what the event means
-Symptoms last as long as the mind needs to reorganize, classify, and make sense of event
-If event is not integrated, stressor can reemerge in many forms
Know the 2 categories of trauma - Answer -Type 1 - Sudden, distinct traumatic event
Type 2 - Long-standing and comes from repeated traumatic events
Type 1 - Sudden, distinct traumatic event - Answer --Type 1 events are fully detailed
-Etched in memory
-Retrospective rumination - meditation, reflection on the event
-Cognitive reappraisals, reasons, misperceptions and mistimings of events
-Appraisal - estimating or judging the nature or value of something
Type 2 - Long-standing and comes from repeated traumatic events - Answer --Develop defensive
and
, coping strategies to ward off repeated assaults on integrity
-Massive denial
-Psychic numbing
-Repression-subconsciously pushing painful memories or feelings out of awareness
-Dissociation-losing touch with reality; separating from oneself
-Self-anesthesia
-Identification with the aggressor
-Aggression turned towards self
-Absence of feeling
-Sense of rage and/or unremitting sadness
3 stages of PTSD - Answer -Stage 1 - Response to Trauma
Stage 2 - Acute Stage
Stage 3 - Chronic
Stage 1 - Response to Trauma - Answer --If trauma occurs with a non-vulnerable victim (no
preexisting
emotional issues), they are stressed by the event and produce all or some of anxiety symptoms:
-Palpitations
-Shakes
-Hyperventilation
-Nausea, vomiting
-Pain
-If the trauma occurs with a vulnerable victim (already comes with high level of anxiety), they
visualize
more dramatically the possible consequences of the event
Stage 2 - Acute Stage - Answer --Certain symptoms persist beyond 1 month
Incident is focus of their life
-Recurrent thoughts/dreams - causes them to stay in a heightened state of anxiety
Stage 3 - Chronic - Answer --No sharp change from acute to chronic
-Change from preoccupation of original trauma to larger concerns related to incident
