NURS 2356 EXAM 2024/2025 WITH DETAILED QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED
A++
Define hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and what are stem
cells able to do? -ANSWER -Uses harvested, unique immature cells (stem
cells) to grow into new bone marrow producing cells
-Stem cells are able to differentiate into any type of hematologic cell
Where are hematopoietic stem cells harvested from? -ANSWER Bone
marrow, peripheral blood, and umbilical blood
What are the 2 types of stem cell transplant and their definitions? -
ANSWER Autologous = patients own stem cells are used
Alogenic = stem cells from a donor are used
Match the patient to the site of bone marrow harvesting (sites can be used
more than once):
Infant/young children
Children over 5
Adults
Tibia
Iliac crest (pelvis)
Sternum -ANSWER Infant/ young children: tibia
Children over 5: iliac crest (pelvis)
Adults: sternum or iliac crest
A nursing student is telling her instructor what she knows about bone
marrow transplants. Which options may need more teaching?
"It destroys the patients existing bone marrow"
"It is a process of 7-10 days of high dose chemo and radiation"
,"The donated bone marrow is administered via central venous catheter" -
ANSWER NONE! all options are correct
What complications can occur from bone marrow transplant or stem cell
transplant? -ANSWER GRAFT VS HOST DISEASE (GVHD) - risk with
allogenic donor cells
graft failure, infection, electrolyte imbalance, and bleeding
A patient presents to the hospital with a maculopapular skin rash/ full
thickness wounds, abdominal pain and cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
jaundice (and possible other liver problems), and elevated liver enzymes
after receiving a transplant. What issue are they having? -ANSWER Graft
vs host disease
An acute infection is within the first 100 days
The liver failure is an indication of serious illness with poor prognosis
A nurse is treating a child with a hematologic disorder. The family and
younger siblings are very involved in the child's life. What are the effects on
the family that the nurse should be aware of? -ANSWER Parents:
-the survival of the child
-Responsibility
-Child care
-Finiancial
Siblings
-"What about me?"
-Magical thinking - feel like they could have caused it
what are the most common cancers in children 0-14? -ANSWER -leukemia
-brain and CNS tumors
-lymphomas
-soft tissue sarcomas (half are rhabdomyosarcoma)
-neuroblastoma
-kidney tumors
,What are the most common cancers in adolescents 15-19? -ANSWER -
Brain and CNS tumors
-lymphoma
-leukemia
-gonadal (testicular and ovarian)
-germ cell tumors
-thyroid cancer
-melanoma
what tumors happen more frequently in African Americans and Caucasian?
-ANSWER AA- tumor of kidney and soft tissues
C- tumor of bone
A nursing student sees that a child is receiving a much longer chemo
treatment than an adult and thinks that there is a mistake. Why is the
student wrong? -ANSWER Children need a longer treatment because they
have a faster metabolic rate
Characteristics of normal cells and their definitions. -ANSWER Cell cycle -
5 phases
differentiation - look the same but are actually different (EX: muscle cells-
heart muscle different than skeletal muscle but they are all muscles)
Cell inhibition - Cells contact each other, line up, grow to a certain point and
then stop
Cancer/ malignant cells flourish in what kind of environment? -ANSWER
antagonistic
Characteristics of cancerous/ malignant cells -ANSWER cancer cells don't
follow rules of replication
Larger and grow more rapidly
bear little resemblance to host cells
uncontrolled replication
, Adult vs. Pediatric Cancers -ANSWER Adults: cancer is often the result of
dietary issues or prolonged exposure to toxins from bad habits --> can be
prevented through lifestyle changes
Children: cancer is usually embryonic or oncogenic (cellular change that
allows unregulated genetic activity and tumor growth) --> lifestyle changes
have little effect on the incidence of childhood cancer
A child presents to the hospital with an unusual mass/swelling, pallor,
fatigue, unexplained bleeding/bruising/petechiae, persistent localized
pain/limping, prolonged unexplained fever/illness, frequent headaches with
vomiting, sudden eye and vision changes, and excessively rapid weight
loss. What is the nurse suspecting the child may have? -ANSWER cancer
What diagnostic tests can the nurse anticipate the doctor ordering if cancer
is suspected? -ANSWER LAB: CBC, electrolytes, kidney, liver, and bone
marrow function (bone marrow analysis and biopsy)
Diagnostic procedures: lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, tumor
biopsy
Diagnostic imaging: x-ray, CT, MRI, PET scan, MIBG scan (neuroblastoma
and soft tissue tumor suspection)
Why do we stage cancer? -ANSWER staging describes the extent of the
disease locally, regionally, and systemically and in most tumors guides the
therapy
A nursing student is learning about cancer staging and sees 3 letters that
identify classification. TNM. What do those letters mean? And what do they
identify? -ANSWER T- Tumor
N-Lymph
M-Metastasis
they identify protocol for treatment
What are the 3 goals of cancer treatment and define them -ANSWER
Curative - rid the child's body of the cancer
AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED
A++
Define hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and what are stem
cells able to do? -ANSWER -Uses harvested, unique immature cells (stem
cells) to grow into new bone marrow producing cells
-Stem cells are able to differentiate into any type of hematologic cell
Where are hematopoietic stem cells harvested from? -ANSWER Bone
marrow, peripheral blood, and umbilical blood
What are the 2 types of stem cell transplant and their definitions? -
ANSWER Autologous = patients own stem cells are used
Alogenic = stem cells from a donor are used
Match the patient to the site of bone marrow harvesting (sites can be used
more than once):
Infant/young children
Children over 5
Adults
Tibia
Iliac crest (pelvis)
Sternum -ANSWER Infant/ young children: tibia
Children over 5: iliac crest (pelvis)
Adults: sternum or iliac crest
A nursing student is telling her instructor what she knows about bone
marrow transplants. Which options may need more teaching?
"It destroys the patients existing bone marrow"
"It is a process of 7-10 days of high dose chemo and radiation"
,"The donated bone marrow is administered via central venous catheter" -
ANSWER NONE! all options are correct
What complications can occur from bone marrow transplant or stem cell
transplant? -ANSWER GRAFT VS HOST DISEASE (GVHD) - risk with
allogenic donor cells
graft failure, infection, electrolyte imbalance, and bleeding
A patient presents to the hospital with a maculopapular skin rash/ full
thickness wounds, abdominal pain and cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
jaundice (and possible other liver problems), and elevated liver enzymes
after receiving a transplant. What issue are they having? -ANSWER Graft
vs host disease
An acute infection is within the first 100 days
The liver failure is an indication of serious illness with poor prognosis
A nurse is treating a child with a hematologic disorder. The family and
younger siblings are very involved in the child's life. What are the effects on
the family that the nurse should be aware of? -ANSWER Parents:
-the survival of the child
-Responsibility
-Child care
-Finiancial
Siblings
-"What about me?"
-Magical thinking - feel like they could have caused it
what are the most common cancers in children 0-14? -ANSWER -leukemia
-brain and CNS tumors
-lymphomas
-soft tissue sarcomas (half are rhabdomyosarcoma)
-neuroblastoma
-kidney tumors
,What are the most common cancers in adolescents 15-19? -ANSWER -
Brain and CNS tumors
-lymphoma
-leukemia
-gonadal (testicular and ovarian)
-germ cell tumors
-thyroid cancer
-melanoma
what tumors happen more frequently in African Americans and Caucasian?
-ANSWER AA- tumor of kidney and soft tissues
C- tumor of bone
A nursing student sees that a child is receiving a much longer chemo
treatment than an adult and thinks that there is a mistake. Why is the
student wrong? -ANSWER Children need a longer treatment because they
have a faster metabolic rate
Characteristics of normal cells and their definitions. -ANSWER Cell cycle -
5 phases
differentiation - look the same but are actually different (EX: muscle cells-
heart muscle different than skeletal muscle but they are all muscles)
Cell inhibition - Cells contact each other, line up, grow to a certain point and
then stop
Cancer/ malignant cells flourish in what kind of environment? -ANSWER
antagonistic
Characteristics of cancerous/ malignant cells -ANSWER cancer cells don't
follow rules of replication
Larger and grow more rapidly
bear little resemblance to host cells
uncontrolled replication
, Adult vs. Pediatric Cancers -ANSWER Adults: cancer is often the result of
dietary issues or prolonged exposure to toxins from bad habits --> can be
prevented through lifestyle changes
Children: cancer is usually embryonic or oncogenic (cellular change that
allows unregulated genetic activity and tumor growth) --> lifestyle changes
have little effect on the incidence of childhood cancer
A child presents to the hospital with an unusual mass/swelling, pallor,
fatigue, unexplained bleeding/bruising/petechiae, persistent localized
pain/limping, prolonged unexplained fever/illness, frequent headaches with
vomiting, sudden eye and vision changes, and excessively rapid weight
loss. What is the nurse suspecting the child may have? -ANSWER cancer
What diagnostic tests can the nurse anticipate the doctor ordering if cancer
is suspected? -ANSWER LAB: CBC, electrolytes, kidney, liver, and bone
marrow function (bone marrow analysis and biopsy)
Diagnostic procedures: lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration, tumor
biopsy
Diagnostic imaging: x-ray, CT, MRI, PET scan, MIBG scan (neuroblastoma
and soft tissue tumor suspection)
Why do we stage cancer? -ANSWER staging describes the extent of the
disease locally, regionally, and systemically and in most tumors guides the
therapy
A nursing student is learning about cancer staging and sees 3 letters that
identify classification. TNM. What do those letters mean? And what do they
identify? -ANSWER T- Tumor
N-Lymph
M-Metastasis
they identify protocol for treatment
What are the 3 goals of cancer treatment and define them -ANSWER
Curative - rid the child's body of the cancer
