1
GEOGRAPHY
GRADE 12
JUNE EXAM
2025
Previous exam papers were used to compile these notes, SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAM/NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAM_JUN2024. EC/JUN2024. @IMPAQ JUN 2021 & 2022
Some information is repeated, I want to show you the different ways the same information is asked.
I encourage you to do the calculation/illustration questions.
NOTE: You MUST study Term 1 notes with Paper 1 notes. If you have not purchased Term 1 notes,
please contact .
Good luck. Juffrou Ansie
CONTENTS
1. Weather and Climate
2. Geomorphology
3. Mapwork skills
4. Rural and Urban Settlement
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 2
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
A cross-section of a tropical cyclone
The adult stage of development is depicted.
The descending air in the eye is dry due to:
• adiabatic heating
• no condensation
The following weather condition is associated with the eye:
Cumulonimbus clouds
• Nature-radiation causes air at A to cool.
• The wind at A is a katabatic wind.
• As altitude increases in the thermal belt, the
temperature rises.
• The wind at A will be more intense during winter.
• Ripe form at the bottom of the valley when dew point
temperature drops below 0 °C.
Mid-latitude cyclone Air pressure in the middle of the mature stage of this weather
system is lower than 996 hPa
Katabatic winds Blowing down the valley sides in the evening.
Tropical cyclone Air pressure in the middle of the mature stage of this weather
system is lower than 950 hPa.
Coastal low pressure Causes humid onshore flow.
system
Kalahari high pressure Predominant over the interior of South Africa during the winter.
Line thunderstorm Also known as a moisture front.
Anabatic winds Blowing out of a valley during the day.
A water table The upper level of the saturated rocks. / The upper level of the
groundwater
Base flow Groundwater seeping into the river.
Exotic river
A perennial river
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 3
Permanent river
A direct flow to indirect flow
Episodic river
Isolated farm The smallest settlement according to the settlement hierarchy.
Low-order goods Everyday goods and services, such as bread and milk.
Central location Urban settlements that provide goods and services to surrounding
areas.
Urbanization The proportion of the population living in urban areas, expressed
as a percentage of the total population.
Rate of urbanization The pace at which an urban area grows.
High-order goods Specialized services
Mining town (e.g. Sishen) Specialized town
Rural-urban fringe area Land use on the outskirts of the city where there is a mix of urban
and rural land use.
Interfluvial reef The high-lying area between two rivers in the same drainage basin
Infrastructure Human factor that determines the location of a settlement
Slope aspect Natural factor that determines the location of a settlement
Dry point Site away from water to avoid flooding
Poortdorp Settlement that develops at a pass in a mountain range
Central place Settlement that provides urban services to the surrounding
countryside
Load breaking point Settlement that occurs where one mode of transportation
transitions to another
Linear Settlement form that develops along a coastline
Circular Settlement form that develops around a centrally located market
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 4
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
Refer to the synoptic weather map DBE/May/June 2024
The stable weather conditions over the interior of
South Africa are due to the well-developed Kalahari
high pressure cell.
The dew point temperature at weather station A is -
8°C. The atmospheric pressure at weather station B is
1018 hPa. The low pressure cell at C stands as a coast
layer known. The type of precipitation found at town D
is fog.
The evidence that mountain wind conditions occur at weather station E is cloudlessness and
moderate winds.
___________________________________________________
Study the photo below showing valley winds in the Hex River Valley. @IMPAQ JUN 2022
The valley winds shown in the Hex River Valley:
Katabatic winds / Downslope wind
What time of day do the valley winds occur? At night
A brief description of the development of the valley
winds that occur in the Hex River Valley.
1) Upper slopes cool down (due to terrestrial radiation). Air in contact with upper slopes cools
down.
2) Air becomes heavy and dense. Air sinks down the slopes.
The valley winds can have a negative impact on farming activities in the Hex River Valley if
they lead to the development of frost.
Negative impacts of frost on farming activities in the Hex River Valley.
• Frost can kill produce (livestock) grown on the valley floor.
• Farmers are losing income.
• Fewer crops available to export/sell.
• Lower returns
@Juffrou_Ansie
GEOGRAPHY
GRADE 12
JUNE EXAM
2025
Previous exam papers were used to compile these notes, SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAM/NATIONAL
SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAM_JUN2024. EC/JUN2024. @IMPAQ JUN 2021 & 2022
Some information is repeated, I want to show you the different ways the same information is asked.
I encourage you to do the calculation/illustration questions.
NOTE: You MUST study Term 1 notes with Paper 1 notes. If you have not purchased Term 1 notes,
please contact .
Good luck. Juffrou Ansie
CONTENTS
1. Weather and Climate
2. Geomorphology
3. Mapwork skills
4. Rural and Urban Settlement
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 2
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
A cross-section of a tropical cyclone
The adult stage of development is depicted.
The descending air in the eye is dry due to:
• adiabatic heating
• no condensation
The following weather condition is associated with the eye:
Cumulonimbus clouds
• Nature-radiation causes air at A to cool.
• The wind at A is a katabatic wind.
• As altitude increases in the thermal belt, the
temperature rises.
• The wind at A will be more intense during winter.
• Ripe form at the bottom of the valley when dew point
temperature drops below 0 °C.
Mid-latitude cyclone Air pressure in the middle of the mature stage of this weather
system is lower than 996 hPa
Katabatic winds Blowing down the valley sides in the evening.
Tropical cyclone Air pressure in the middle of the mature stage of this weather
system is lower than 950 hPa.
Coastal low pressure Causes humid onshore flow.
system
Kalahari high pressure Predominant over the interior of South Africa during the winter.
Line thunderstorm Also known as a moisture front.
Anabatic winds Blowing out of a valley during the day.
A water table The upper level of the saturated rocks. / The upper level of the
groundwater
Base flow Groundwater seeping into the river.
Exotic river
A perennial river
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 3
Permanent river
A direct flow to indirect flow
Episodic river
Isolated farm The smallest settlement according to the settlement hierarchy.
Low-order goods Everyday goods and services, such as bread and milk.
Central location Urban settlements that provide goods and services to surrounding
areas.
Urbanization The proportion of the population living in urban areas, expressed
as a percentage of the total population.
Rate of urbanization The pace at which an urban area grows.
High-order goods Specialized services
Mining town (e.g. Sishen) Specialized town
Rural-urban fringe area Land use on the outskirts of the city where there is a mix of urban
and rural land use.
Interfluvial reef The high-lying area between two rivers in the same drainage basin
Infrastructure Human factor that determines the location of a settlement
Slope aspect Natural factor that determines the location of a settlement
Dry point Site away from water to avoid flooding
Poortdorp Settlement that develops at a pass in a mountain range
Central place Settlement that provides urban services to the surrounding
countryside
Load breaking point Settlement that occurs where one mode of transportation
transitions to another
Linear Settlement form that develops along a coastline
Circular Settlement form that develops around a centrally located market
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 4
CLIMATE AND WEATHER
Refer to the synoptic weather map DBE/May/June 2024
The stable weather conditions over the interior of
South Africa are due to the well-developed Kalahari
high pressure cell.
The dew point temperature at weather station A is -
8°C. The atmospheric pressure at weather station B is
1018 hPa. The low pressure cell at C stands as a coast
layer known. The type of precipitation found at town D
is fog.
The evidence that mountain wind conditions occur at weather station E is cloudlessness and
moderate winds.
___________________________________________________
Study the photo below showing valley winds in the Hex River Valley. @IMPAQ JUN 2022
The valley winds shown in the Hex River Valley:
Katabatic winds / Downslope wind
What time of day do the valley winds occur? At night
A brief description of the development of the valley
winds that occur in the Hex River Valley.
1) Upper slopes cool down (due to terrestrial radiation). Air in contact with upper slopes cools
down.
2) Air becomes heavy and dense. Air sinks down the slopes.
The valley winds can have a negative impact on farming activities in the Hex River Valley if
they lead to the development of frost.
Negative impacts of frost on farming activities in the Hex River Valley.
• Frost can kill produce (livestock) grown on the valley floor.
• Farmers are losing income.
• Fewer crops available to export/sell.
• Lower returns
@Juffrou_Ansie
