Edelman Chapters 20-22
tissue equivalent phantom - CORRECT ANSWER-have ultrasound features similar to
soft tissue like the speed of sound, attenuation, scattering characteristics, and
echogenicity
tissue equivalent phantom - CORRECT ANSWER-grayscale is evaluated with the
______ ___________ ________
doppler phantom - CORRECT ANSWER-include a circulation pump which propels a
fluid through vessels embedded in a tissue equivalent phantom
slice thickness phantom - CORRECT ANSWER-assesses the slice thickness and its
effect upon image accuracy
edge shadow - CORRECT ANSWER-appears as a hypoechoic region extending along
the edge a curved reflector
enhancement - CORRECT ANSWER-appears as a hyperechoic region beneath tissues
with abnormally low attenuation
focal enhancement (focal banding) - CORRECT ANSWER-a side-to-side region of an
image appear brighter than tissues at other depths
mirror image - CORRECT ANSWER-created when sound reflects off of a strong
reflector, and is redirected toward a second structure
artifact - CORRECT ANSWER-error in imaging
reverberation - CORRECT ANSWER-appear on the display as multiple, equally spaced
echoes caused by the bouncing of the sound wave between 2 strong reflectors
positioned parallel to the ultrasound beam
comet tail - CORRECT ANSWER-appears as a solid hyperechoic line directed
downward
shadow - CORRECT ANSWER-hypoechoic or anechoic region extending downward
from a very strong attenuating medium
deeper - CORRECT ANSWER-with mirror image artifact, the artifact is placed _______
than the real structure
, crosstalk - CORRECT ANSWER-a mirror image artifact that appears on a spectral
doppler display
speed error - CORRECT ANSWER-created when a sound wave propagates through a
medium at a speed other than that of a soft issue
split or cut - CORRECT ANSWER-with speed error artifact, structures appear as if they
are _____ or ___
shallow - CORRECT ANSWER-with speed error artifact, when a medium's speed is
faster than soft tissue, reflectors are placed too _______
deep - CORRECT ANSWER-with speed error artifact, when a medium's speed is slower
than soft tissue, reflectors are placed too ____
side lobes - CORRECT ANSWER-lobes created by single crystal transducers
grating lobes - CORRECT ANSWER-lobes created by array transducers
subdicing - CORRECT ANSWER-dividing each PZT element into small pieces
apodization - CORRECT ANSWER-process of differential excitation
refraction - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs when a sound pulse changes direction during
transmission; degrades lateral resolution
slice thickness - CORRECT ANSWER-appears when the beam dimension is greater
than the reflector size; fills in hollow structures, such as cysts
lateral resolution - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs when beam is wider than the distance
between 2 reflectors located side by side or perpendicular to the beam; 2 objects
appear as one
axial resolution - CORRECT ANSWER-created when a long pulse strikes 2 closely
spaced structures, where one is in front of the other, or apparel to the main axis of the
ultrasound beam; only one reflection will appear on image if the structures are closer
than 1/2SPL
multipath - CORRECT ANSWER-created when sound pulses glance off a second
structure on the way to or from the primary reflector; the transmitted path length differs
from the return path length
temporal resolution - CORRECT ANSWER-low frame rates resulting in less accurate
positioning of reflectors in motion
tissue equivalent phantom - CORRECT ANSWER-have ultrasound features similar to
soft tissue like the speed of sound, attenuation, scattering characteristics, and
echogenicity
tissue equivalent phantom - CORRECT ANSWER-grayscale is evaluated with the
______ ___________ ________
doppler phantom - CORRECT ANSWER-include a circulation pump which propels a
fluid through vessels embedded in a tissue equivalent phantom
slice thickness phantom - CORRECT ANSWER-assesses the slice thickness and its
effect upon image accuracy
edge shadow - CORRECT ANSWER-appears as a hypoechoic region extending along
the edge a curved reflector
enhancement - CORRECT ANSWER-appears as a hyperechoic region beneath tissues
with abnormally low attenuation
focal enhancement (focal banding) - CORRECT ANSWER-a side-to-side region of an
image appear brighter than tissues at other depths
mirror image - CORRECT ANSWER-created when sound reflects off of a strong
reflector, and is redirected toward a second structure
artifact - CORRECT ANSWER-error in imaging
reverberation - CORRECT ANSWER-appear on the display as multiple, equally spaced
echoes caused by the bouncing of the sound wave between 2 strong reflectors
positioned parallel to the ultrasound beam
comet tail - CORRECT ANSWER-appears as a solid hyperechoic line directed
downward
shadow - CORRECT ANSWER-hypoechoic or anechoic region extending downward
from a very strong attenuating medium
deeper - CORRECT ANSWER-with mirror image artifact, the artifact is placed _______
than the real structure
, crosstalk - CORRECT ANSWER-a mirror image artifact that appears on a spectral
doppler display
speed error - CORRECT ANSWER-created when a sound wave propagates through a
medium at a speed other than that of a soft issue
split or cut - CORRECT ANSWER-with speed error artifact, structures appear as if they
are _____ or ___
shallow - CORRECT ANSWER-with speed error artifact, when a medium's speed is
faster than soft tissue, reflectors are placed too _______
deep - CORRECT ANSWER-with speed error artifact, when a medium's speed is slower
than soft tissue, reflectors are placed too ____
side lobes - CORRECT ANSWER-lobes created by single crystal transducers
grating lobes - CORRECT ANSWER-lobes created by array transducers
subdicing - CORRECT ANSWER-dividing each PZT element into small pieces
apodization - CORRECT ANSWER-process of differential excitation
refraction - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs when a sound pulse changes direction during
transmission; degrades lateral resolution
slice thickness - CORRECT ANSWER-appears when the beam dimension is greater
than the reflector size; fills in hollow structures, such as cysts
lateral resolution - CORRECT ANSWER-occurs when beam is wider than the distance
between 2 reflectors located side by side or perpendicular to the beam; 2 objects
appear as one
axial resolution - CORRECT ANSWER-created when a long pulse strikes 2 closely
spaced structures, where one is in front of the other, or apparel to the main axis of the
ultrasound beam; only one reflection will appear on image if the structures are closer
than 1/2SPL
multipath - CORRECT ANSWER-created when sound pulses glance off a second
structure on the way to or from the primary reflector; the transmitted path length differs
from the return path length
temporal resolution - CORRECT ANSWER-low frame rates resulting in less accurate
positioning of reflectors in motion
