MICROBIOLOGY EXAM CHAPTERS 1-4 QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS 2025 GRADED A+
what is a microbe - Answer- microbes are minute living things that individually are usually too
small to be seen with an unaided eye
what is another name for microbes? - Answer- microorganisms
which are included in the group of microbes - Answer- bacteria, fungi, protozoa,microscopic
algae, and viruses
What is a saprobic fungi? - Answer- they acquire their nutrients through remnants of dead
plants/animals in soil or water
What is a parasitic fungi? - Answer- grow on bodies of living organisms and feed off their
nutrients.
What is the polymer to the monomer lipid? - Answer- Glycerol, fatty acid.
What is the polymer to the monomer nucleic acid? - Answer- Nucleotides
A nucleotide molecule used for the temporary storage of high energy is? - Answer- ATP
Name a structure that is not a component of all cells. - Answer- Cell wall.
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called
what? - Answer- Fimbriae
The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called? -
Answer- Sex pili.
,What is composed primarily of phospholipids and proteins (phospholipid bilayer). - Answer-
The cell membrane.
Crenation, the shriveling of cells due to loss of water, occurs when cells are placed in what type
of solution? - Answer- Hypertonic
Which of the following cell parts is mismatched with its function? - Answer- Glycocalyx: holds
genetic information.
What is a dormant, resistant cell formed during unfavorable conditions? - Answer- Endospore
Resolution is best described as? - Answer- The ability to distinguish between two adjacent
objects.
What is the purpose of staining samples? - Answer- To increase the contrast and visibility of the
specimen.
In the binomial system of nomenclature, which term is always written in lowercase letters? -
Answer- Specific epithet (species).
If you have a sugar and water solution, sugar would be - Answer- Solute
What is not a passive process? - Answer- Bulk or group translocations.
What type of microscope would be most suitable for viewing a virus? - Answer- Transmission
electron microscope.
How do fungi reproduce? - Answer- Fungi reproduce through asexual and sexual means. they
produce asexually through spore formation or they propagate by the outward growth of hyphae
or fragmentation. they produce sexually through the mixing of DNA from two parent fungi.
, What is the structure of protozoa? - Answer- they are single-celled organisms containing all
major eukaryotic organelles. their cytoplasm is divided into an endo- and ectoplam. some have a
"nervous system" of sorts that coordinates movement; moving through fluids by means of
pseudopods. they have no cell wall (flexible)
Why are protozoa considered prokaryotes? - Answer- they are considered prokaryotes because
they contain a "true" membrane-bound nucleus.
Are all protozoans harmful to humans? - Answer- No, some are harmless and can also be
beneficial
What is the difference between a trophozoite and a cyst? - Answer- a stage in which the
protozoa is in its motile feeding stage; a resting stage when conditions become unfavorable
Which protozoa cause disease? - Answer- 1. Sarcodina
2. Ciliophora
3. Mastigophora
4. Sporozoa
What is a helminth? - Answer- a parasitic worm
What are some examples of helminths? - Answer- flatworms, roundworms, tapeworms and
flukes
Which helminths cause disease? - Answer- *about 50 species can cause disease; typically
known generally as parasites* some examples include:
1. nematodes
2. trematodes
3. cestodes
ANSWERS 2025 GRADED A+
what is a microbe - Answer- microbes are minute living things that individually are usually too
small to be seen with an unaided eye
what is another name for microbes? - Answer- microorganisms
which are included in the group of microbes - Answer- bacteria, fungi, protozoa,microscopic
algae, and viruses
What is a saprobic fungi? - Answer- they acquire their nutrients through remnants of dead
plants/animals in soil or water
What is a parasitic fungi? - Answer- grow on bodies of living organisms and feed off their
nutrients.
What is the polymer to the monomer lipid? - Answer- Glycerol, fatty acid.
What is the polymer to the monomer nucleic acid? - Answer- Nucleotides
A nucleotide molecule used for the temporary storage of high energy is? - Answer- ATP
Name a structure that is not a component of all cells. - Answer- Cell wall.
The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called
what? - Answer- Fimbriae
The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called? -
Answer- Sex pili.
,What is composed primarily of phospholipids and proteins (phospholipid bilayer). - Answer-
The cell membrane.
Crenation, the shriveling of cells due to loss of water, occurs when cells are placed in what type
of solution? - Answer- Hypertonic
Which of the following cell parts is mismatched with its function? - Answer- Glycocalyx: holds
genetic information.
What is a dormant, resistant cell formed during unfavorable conditions? - Answer- Endospore
Resolution is best described as? - Answer- The ability to distinguish between two adjacent
objects.
What is the purpose of staining samples? - Answer- To increase the contrast and visibility of the
specimen.
In the binomial system of nomenclature, which term is always written in lowercase letters? -
Answer- Specific epithet (species).
If you have a sugar and water solution, sugar would be - Answer- Solute
What is not a passive process? - Answer- Bulk or group translocations.
What type of microscope would be most suitable for viewing a virus? - Answer- Transmission
electron microscope.
How do fungi reproduce? - Answer- Fungi reproduce through asexual and sexual means. they
produce asexually through spore formation or they propagate by the outward growth of hyphae
or fragmentation. they produce sexually through the mixing of DNA from two parent fungi.
, What is the structure of protozoa? - Answer- they are single-celled organisms containing all
major eukaryotic organelles. their cytoplasm is divided into an endo- and ectoplam. some have a
"nervous system" of sorts that coordinates movement; moving through fluids by means of
pseudopods. they have no cell wall (flexible)
Why are protozoa considered prokaryotes? - Answer- they are considered prokaryotes because
they contain a "true" membrane-bound nucleus.
Are all protozoans harmful to humans? - Answer- No, some are harmless and can also be
beneficial
What is the difference between a trophozoite and a cyst? - Answer- a stage in which the
protozoa is in its motile feeding stage; a resting stage when conditions become unfavorable
Which protozoa cause disease? - Answer- 1. Sarcodina
2. Ciliophora
3. Mastigophora
4. Sporozoa
What is a helminth? - Answer- a parasitic worm
What are some examples of helminths? - Answer- flatworms, roundworms, tapeworms and
flukes
Which helminths cause disease? - Answer- *about 50 species can cause disease; typically
known generally as parasites* some examples include:
1. nematodes
2. trematodes
3. cestodes
