STOTT PILATES – ANATOMY AND TERMS
2025
anteroposterior (Foot) - ANSWER Dorsiflexors oppose plantar flexors
Lateral and rotary (Foot) - ANSWER Tibials oppose peroneals
HIP - Anterposterior - ANSWER Iliopsoas, Rectus femoris, tensor fascia latae,
and Sartorius oppose Gluteus maximus and hamstrings
KNEE - anteroposterior - ANSWER hamstrings, gastrocnemius, and popliteus
oppose quads
HIP - Lateral - ANSWER Unilaterally, abductors oppose abductors. Bilaterally,
right abductors and left abductors oppose left abductors and right adductors.
HIP - Rotary - ANSWER Unilaterally, internal rotators are opposed by external
rotators. Bilaterally, right external rotate is opposed by the left internal rotators
and left external rotators is opposed by the right internal rotators.
TRUNK - Anteroposterior - ANSWER Anterior abdominal muscles are
opposed by low back muscles
TRUNK - Lateral - ANSWER Lateral trunk muscles oppose one another.
TRUNK - Rotary - ANSWER Muscles that produce clockwise rotation are
opposed by those that produce counterclockwise rotation.
Pelvis - ANSWER The muscles are twisting in the femora so the opposing
groups of muscles act not only in straight anteroposterior opposition, but also
diagonally to tilt the pelvis forward and backward and laterally.
, Exert an upward pull posteriorly - ANSWER erector spinae, quadratus
lumborum, and other posterior back muscles attached to the PSIS
exert an upward pull anteriorly - ANSWER anterior abdominals, specifically
the rectus abdominis with its insertion on the symphysis pubis and the external
oblique with attachment on the anterior iliac crest
downward pull posteriorly - ANSWER gluteus maximus and hamstrings, with
attachments on the posterior ileum, sacrum, and ischiam
downward pull anteriorly - ANSWER the hip flexors, i.e., the rectus femoris,
tensor fasciae latae, and sartorius with attachments on the anterior superior and
inferior spines of the ilium, and the iliopsoas with attachment on the lumbar
spine and inner surface of the ilium.
lateral opposition - pulling down pelvis - ANSWER leg abductors (gluteus
minimus and medius) which arise from the lateral surface of the pelvis
lateral opposition- pulling up pelvis - ANSWER lateral trunk muscles attached
to the lateral Crest of the ilium
lordosis - ANSWER anterior tilt
flat back (pelvis position) - ANSWER posterior tilt
where the rectus abdominis attaches - ANSWER pubic bone to the sternum
attached to the anterior iliac spines (downward) - ANSWER rectus femoris,
sartorius, tensor fasciae latae
good alignment - scapulae - ANSWER flat against upper back approximately
between second and seventh thoracic. approximately 4 inches apart.
Ideal alignment - ANSWER plumb line in front of malleolus, slightly in front
of a midline through knee, approximately through the greater trochanter of
2025
anteroposterior (Foot) - ANSWER Dorsiflexors oppose plantar flexors
Lateral and rotary (Foot) - ANSWER Tibials oppose peroneals
HIP - Anterposterior - ANSWER Iliopsoas, Rectus femoris, tensor fascia latae,
and Sartorius oppose Gluteus maximus and hamstrings
KNEE - anteroposterior - ANSWER hamstrings, gastrocnemius, and popliteus
oppose quads
HIP - Lateral - ANSWER Unilaterally, abductors oppose abductors. Bilaterally,
right abductors and left abductors oppose left abductors and right adductors.
HIP - Rotary - ANSWER Unilaterally, internal rotators are opposed by external
rotators. Bilaterally, right external rotate is opposed by the left internal rotators
and left external rotators is opposed by the right internal rotators.
TRUNK - Anteroposterior - ANSWER Anterior abdominal muscles are
opposed by low back muscles
TRUNK - Lateral - ANSWER Lateral trunk muscles oppose one another.
TRUNK - Rotary - ANSWER Muscles that produce clockwise rotation are
opposed by those that produce counterclockwise rotation.
Pelvis - ANSWER The muscles are twisting in the femora so the opposing
groups of muscles act not only in straight anteroposterior opposition, but also
diagonally to tilt the pelvis forward and backward and laterally.
, Exert an upward pull posteriorly - ANSWER erector spinae, quadratus
lumborum, and other posterior back muscles attached to the PSIS
exert an upward pull anteriorly - ANSWER anterior abdominals, specifically
the rectus abdominis with its insertion on the symphysis pubis and the external
oblique with attachment on the anterior iliac crest
downward pull posteriorly - ANSWER gluteus maximus and hamstrings, with
attachments on the posterior ileum, sacrum, and ischiam
downward pull anteriorly - ANSWER the hip flexors, i.e., the rectus femoris,
tensor fasciae latae, and sartorius with attachments on the anterior superior and
inferior spines of the ilium, and the iliopsoas with attachment on the lumbar
spine and inner surface of the ilium.
lateral opposition - pulling down pelvis - ANSWER leg abductors (gluteus
minimus and medius) which arise from the lateral surface of the pelvis
lateral opposition- pulling up pelvis - ANSWER lateral trunk muscles attached
to the lateral Crest of the ilium
lordosis - ANSWER anterior tilt
flat back (pelvis position) - ANSWER posterior tilt
where the rectus abdominis attaches - ANSWER pubic bone to the sternum
attached to the anterior iliac spines (downward) - ANSWER rectus femoris,
sartorius, tensor fasciae latae
good alignment - scapulae - ANSWER flat against upper back approximately
between second and seventh thoracic. approximately 4 inches apart.
Ideal alignment - ANSWER plumb line in front of malleolus, slightly in front
of a midline through knee, approximately through the greater trochanter of
