Learning
1. After enjoying listening to the music of Justin Bieber on the radio, you expect that attending
one of his concerts will also be enjoyable. This best illustrates the impact of
-Learned associations
2. Arcanjo is teaching a German Shepherd to jump through hoops. Initially, he gives the dog a
treat for approaching the hoop, then only for jumping up in front of the hoop, and finally only for
jumping through the hoop. Arcanjo is using the method of
-Successive approximations
3. After Tim was scratched by a cat, he became afraid of all cats. He has since been exposed to
many non-aggressive cats in safe settings, and his fear of cats has gradually faded. Tim’s
diminishing fear of cats best illustrates
-Extinction
4. At the beginning of the semester, Professor Jones tells her history students that they will be
quizzed at unpredictable times throughout the term. Studying for Professor Jones’ course will
clearly be reinforced on a ________ schedule
-Variable-interval
5. To help Oliver learn how to use a spoon to eat his cereal, his mother gives him a sticker each
time he holds the spoon correctly so that he gets the cereal into his mouth. The sticker is an
example of a
-Positive reinforcer
6. Evan twisted his ankle after he accidentally ran into another skateboarder. As a result, he
developed a conditioned fear of skateboarding. However, he was able to extinguish his
conditioned fear by practicing alone on a quiet neighborhood street for a week. The reappearance
of his previously extinguished fear when he skateboarded at the skate park two weeks later best
illustrates
-Spontaneous recovery
7. Three-year-old Juan was bitten by the neighbor’s dog yesterday. Juan now fears all small,
four-legged animals. His fear demonstrates the process of
-Generalization
8. When Aurora makes rewards given to her pet contingent on specific desired behaviors, such as
sitting, she is ________ her dog’s behavior
-Shaping
1. After enjoying listening to the music of Justin Bieber on the radio, you expect that attending
one of his concerts will also be enjoyable. This best illustrates the impact of
-Learned associations
2. Arcanjo is teaching a German Shepherd to jump through hoops. Initially, he gives the dog a
treat for approaching the hoop, then only for jumping up in front of the hoop, and finally only for
jumping through the hoop. Arcanjo is using the method of
-Successive approximations
3. After Tim was scratched by a cat, he became afraid of all cats. He has since been exposed to
many non-aggressive cats in safe settings, and his fear of cats has gradually faded. Tim’s
diminishing fear of cats best illustrates
-Extinction
4. At the beginning of the semester, Professor Jones tells her history students that they will be
quizzed at unpredictable times throughout the term. Studying for Professor Jones’ course will
clearly be reinforced on a ________ schedule
-Variable-interval
5. To help Oliver learn how to use a spoon to eat his cereal, his mother gives him a sticker each
time he holds the spoon correctly so that he gets the cereal into his mouth. The sticker is an
example of a
-Positive reinforcer
6. Evan twisted his ankle after he accidentally ran into another skateboarder. As a result, he
developed a conditioned fear of skateboarding. However, he was able to extinguish his
conditioned fear by practicing alone on a quiet neighborhood street for a week. The reappearance
of his previously extinguished fear when he skateboarded at the skate park two weeks later best
illustrates
-Spontaneous recovery
7. Three-year-old Juan was bitten by the neighbor’s dog yesterday. Juan now fears all small,
four-legged animals. His fear demonstrates the process of
-Generalization
8. When Aurora makes rewards given to her pet contingent on specific desired behaviors, such as
sitting, she is ________ her dog’s behavior
-Shaping
