NR442 Community Health Exam 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed
Epidemic - Answers infection is maintained within a population without external outputs
for example chickenpox tends to be in an endemic state in the United Kingdom, but malaria is not that
would be an outlier over the course of history.
Pandemic - Answers Epidemic of infectious disease that spreads through human population ACROSS
LARGE REGIONS
i.e multiple countries, continent or even the entire world.
Epidemic - Answers Rapid spread of disease due to large numbers in a given population within a SHORT
period of time- usually 2 weeks or less
Primary Prevention - Answers preventative measures taken to lessen the risk of disease even having
- Education and vaccination (immunization) clinic
(think Prevention)
Secondary Prevention - Answers this catches/ identifies the disease early in the process to allow for easy
management/ healing of the disease process
- Occupational screening for carpal tunnel in factory workers, screening for TB. regular exams,
mammograms, pap smears
(Think Screening)
Tertiary Prevention - Answers restorative care that always patient to be at their highest level of function
- Tx or rehabilitation
- TB, asthma, burns, drug addiction, counseling for suicide attempt and mental health concerns, OT, case
management, rehab center
(think Treatment)
Aggregates - Answers Share risk/characteristics = the people are in the same place at the same time
(same condition at the same time) but have no other relation an example
Share social, personal, healthcare or other interest in needs. An example is Men in nursing school
(the "Who")
Social Marketing - Answers The use of commercials, billboards, advertisements, etc. to have a positive or
negative influence. Utilizing these to influence how people think, their behaviors, knowledge and
attitudes.
, Incidence - Answers The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time.
Calculating Incidence - Answers Number of new in the population divided by the population total x's
1000
Prevalence - Answers all cases of a specific disease at a specific time
Calculating Prevalence - Answers Number of existing cases in the population at a specific time divided by
the population total X 1,000=_________ per 1,000
Attack Rate - Answers Number of People exposed to a specific agent who develop the disease divided by
the total number of people exposed
Mortality Rate/ Death Rates - Answers Crude Mortality Rate (overall mortality rates)
Calculation: Number of deaths divided by the population total X 1,000= _________ per 1,000
Infant Mortality Rate - Answers Infant Mortality Rate calculation: Number of infant deaths before the
age of 1 year divided by the number of live births in the same year X 1,000 = _________ per 1,000
John Snow - Answers father of epidemiology
discovered that V. cholerae was contracted from a local water hole by using DISCRIPTIVE interviewing
descriptive epidemiology - Answers The who, where and when
Analytic epidemiology - Answers The how and why
Miasma theory - Answers the theory that we get sick because there is "bad air". Theory was debunked
when it was proved that Vibrio cholerae was from the water
Robert Koch found that V. cholerae was a result of the bacilli
Demographic data - Answers comprised of any number of things; socioeconomic factors, age, gender,
ethnicity, income, employment status, home ownership, internet access
Epidemiological Triangle - Answers agent, host, environment
Host - Answers age, sex, race, genetic profile, previous diseases, immune status, religion, customs,
occupation, marital status, family background
Environment - Answers Temperature, humidity, altitude, crowding, housing, neighborhood, water, milk,
food, radiation, pollution, noise, PROVERTY- missed mostly in exams
Agent - Answers biological (bacteria, viruses), Chemical (poison, alcohol, smoke), Physical (trauma,
radiation, fire), Nutritional (lack, excess)
Nightingale nursing theory - Answers relationship between individuals and their environment
Epidemic - Answers infection is maintained within a population without external outputs
for example chickenpox tends to be in an endemic state in the United Kingdom, but malaria is not that
would be an outlier over the course of history.
Pandemic - Answers Epidemic of infectious disease that spreads through human population ACROSS
LARGE REGIONS
i.e multiple countries, continent or even the entire world.
Epidemic - Answers Rapid spread of disease due to large numbers in a given population within a SHORT
period of time- usually 2 weeks or less
Primary Prevention - Answers preventative measures taken to lessen the risk of disease even having
- Education and vaccination (immunization) clinic
(think Prevention)
Secondary Prevention - Answers this catches/ identifies the disease early in the process to allow for easy
management/ healing of the disease process
- Occupational screening for carpal tunnel in factory workers, screening for TB. regular exams,
mammograms, pap smears
(Think Screening)
Tertiary Prevention - Answers restorative care that always patient to be at their highest level of function
- Tx or rehabilitation
- TB, asthma, burns, drug addiction, counseling for suicide attempt and mental health concerns, OT, case
management, rehab center
(think Treatment)
Aggregates - Answers Share risk/characteristics = the people are in the same place at the same time
(same condition at the same time) but have no other relation an example
Share social, personal, healthcare or other interest in needs. An example is Men in nursing school
(the "Who")
Social Marketing - Answers The use of commercials, billboards, advertisements, etc. to have a positive or
negative influence. Utilizing these to influence how people think, their behaviors, knowledge and
attitudes.
, Incidence - Answers The number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time.
Calculating Incidence - Answers Number of new in the population divided by the population total x's
1000
Prevalence - Answers all cases of a specific disease at a specific time
Calculating Prevalence - Answers Number of existing cases in the population at a specific time divided by
the population total X 1,000=_________ per 1,000
Attack Rate - Answers Number of People exposed to a specific agent who develop the disease divided by
the total number of people exposed
Mortality Rate/ Death Rates - Answers Crude Mortality Rate (overall mortality rates)
Calculation: Number of deaths divided by the population total X 1,000= _________ per 1,000
Infant Mortality Rate - Answers Infant Mortality Rate calculation: Number of infant deaths before the
age of 1 year divided by the number of live births in the same year X 1,000 = _________ per 1,000
John Snow - Answers father of epidemiology
discovered that V. cholerae was contracted from a local water hole by using DISCRIPTIVE interviewing
descriptive epidemiology - Answers The who, where and when
Analytic epidemiology - Answers The how and why
Miasma theory - Answers the theory that we get sick because there is "bad air". Theory was debunked
when it was proved that Vibrio cholerae was from the water
Robert Koch found that V. cholerae was a result of the bacilli
Demographic data - Answers comprised of any number of things; socioeconomic factors, age, gender,
ethnicity, income, employment status, home ownership, internet access
Epidemiological Triangle - Answers agent, host, environment
Host - Answers age, sex, race, genetic profile, previous diseases, immune status, religion, customs,
occupation, marital status, family background
Environment - Answers Temperature, humidity, altitude, crowding, housing, neighborhood, water, milk,
food, radiation, pollution, noise, PROVERTY- missed mostly in exams
Agent - Answers biological (bacteria, viruses), Chemical (poison, alcohol, smoke), Physical (trauma,
radiation, fire), Nutritional (lack, excess)
Nightingale nursing theory - Answers relationship between individuals and their environment
