Microbiology- Exam 2 UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Are Viruses Living or Nonliving? - CORRECT ANSWER - They are only considered living
when they are inside of a host cell, using their resources and energy.
Outside of a host they are considered intert.
When are Viruses considered to be "alive"? - CORRECT ANSWER - When they are inside of
a host cell.
When inside, their nucleic acid (ONLY RNA OR DNA) become active.
*Virus replicates
Obligatory Intracellular Parasites - CORRECT ANSWER - Require livinghost cell in order to
multiply - Such as Viruses.
Defining a Virus - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Contains 1 Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA)
2) Protein coat surrounds the DNA or RNA
3)Multiply within host using host machinery
---because they don't have the ways of making/obtaining their own nutrients. like ATP or
enzymes.
Virus Characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER - *Some are enclosed by an envelope which
consists of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates
*some have spikes
*only infect the cells of ONE host.
,Host Range - CORRECT ANSWER - The spectrum of host cells that a virus can infect.
-invertebrates
-vertebrates
-plants
-protist
-fungi
-bacteria
The virus must be able to attach to a the particular host's cell.
**Host range is determined b specific attachment sites on the host cell's surface
Bacteriophages - CORRECT ANSWER - Bacteria that is infected by a virus
How do Viruses attach to a host cell - CORRECT ANSWER - Through receptors on the host
cell's surface.
There must be an interaction.
Capsid - CORRECT ANSWER - Protein coat that surrounds the Nucleic Acid of a virus. (not
the whole virus itself. That's an envelope.)
****Made up of individualized Capsomeres****
*accounts for most of the mass of a viral cell.
Capsomeres - CORRECT ANSWER - Protein subunits that make up a capsid
,(think of tiny balls that come together to make a huge coating around the Nucleic Acid)
*capsomeres can be made up of multiple types of proteins or one single type of protein
Envelope - CORRECT ANSWER - Surrounds the virus as a whole.
*Synonymus to a somatic cell's Plasma Membrane. But around a virus.
***Composed of proteins, lipids and carbs.
*Could be covered in spikes
NOT ALL VIRUSES HAVE ENVELOPES
Spikes - CORRECT ANSWER - Cover the envelope of the cell
Composed of protein and carbohydrates.
-Used for attachment to the host cell
Spikes differ, and can be identified as different virus by the host body. That's why you can get
the flu more than once a year, there's a change in spikes.
-Can be used for identification for some virsus under microscope.
Helical Capsid - CORRECT ANSWER - Long rods that are flexible and rigid
These surround the Nucleic Acid.
*Capsids are hollow cylinders surrounding the nucleic acid.
, *CAN OR CANNOT HAVE A ENVELOPE.
Without envelope = they look like long noodles, because it's just the capsid and no sphereical
shape
WITH the envelope = they look like balls, but with their Nucleic acids all tangled inside.
Polyhedrical Capsid - CORRECT ANSWER - These are icosahedron, and are 20 triangle
shapes, with 12 corners.
THEY CAN BE WITH OR WITHOUT ENVELOPE
-Without envelope, you can see their individual caposomere and their many different triangular
faces of the Capsid
WITH envelope, they appear ordinarily spherical, and like a normal cell. (Some have spikes)
Complex Capsid - CORRECT ANSWER - They have a variety of weird shapes within the one
virus cell, and look just straight up weird.
They can be bacteriaphages and just look mutuant
Family names suffix for Taxonomy - CORRECT ANSWER - -viridae
Ex. Herpesviridae
Genus name suffix Taxonomy - CORRECT ANSWER - -virus
Genus Simplexvirus
Ex. Herpesvirus
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Are Viruses Living or Nonliving? - CORRECT ANSWER - They are only considered living
when they are inside of a host cell, using their resources and energy.
Outside of a host they are considered intert.
When are Viruses considered to be "alive"? - CORRECT ANSWER - When they are inside of
a host cell.
When inside, their nucleic acid (ONLY RNA OR DNA) become active.
*Virus replicates
Obligatory Intracellular Parasites - CORRECT ANSWER - Require livinghost cell in order to
multiply - Such as Viruses.
Defining a Virus - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Contains 1 Nucleic Acid (DNA or RNA)
2) Protein coat surrounds the DNA or RNA
3)Multiply within host using host machinery
---because they don't have the ways of making/obtaining their own nutrients. like ATP or
enzymes.
Virus Characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER - *Some are enclosed by an envelope which
consists of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates
*some have spikes
*only infect the cells of ONE host.
,Host Range - CORRECT ANSWER - The spectrum of host cells that a virus can infect.
-invertebrates
-vertebrates
-plants
-protist
-fungi
-bacteria
The virus must be able to attach to a the particular host's cell.
**Host range is determined b specific attachment sites on the host cell's surface
Bacteriophages - CORRECT ANSWER - Bacteria that is infected by a virus
How do Viruses attach to a host cell - CORRECT ANSWER - Through receptors on the host
cell's surface.
There must be an interaction.
Capsid - CORRECT ANSWER - Protein coat that surrounds the Nucleic Acid of a virus. (not
the whole virus itself. That's an envelope.)
****Made up of individualized Capsomeres****
*accounts for most of the mass of a viral cell.
Capsomeres - CORRECT ANSWER - Protein subunits that make up a capsid
,(think of tiny balls that come together to make a huge coating around the Nucleic Acid)
*capsomeres can be made up of multiple types of proteins or one single type of protein
Envelope - CORRECT ANSWER - Surrounds the virus as a whole.
*Synonymus to a somatic cell's Plasma Membrane. But around a virus.
***Composed of proteins, lipids and carbs.
*Could be covered in spikes
NOT ALL VIRUSES HAVE ENVELOPES
Spikes - CORRECT ANSWER - Cover the envelope of the cell
Composed of protein and carbohydrates.
-Used for attachment to the host cell
Spikes differ, and can be identified as different virus by the host body. That's why you can get
the flu more than once a year, there's a change in spikes.
-Can be used for identification for some virsus under microscope.
Helical Capsid - CORRECT ANSWER - Long rods that are flexible and rigid
These surround the Nucleic Acid.
*Capsids are hollow cylinders surrounding the nucleic acid.
, *CAN OR CANNOT HAVE A ENVELOPE.
Without envelope = they look like long noodles, because it's just the capsid and no sphereical
shape
WITH the envelope = they look like balls, but with their Nucleic acids all tangled inside.
Polyhedrical Capsid - CORRECT ANSWER - These are icosahedron, and are 20 triangle
shapes, with 12 corners.
THEY CAN BE WITH OR WITHOUT ENVELOPE
-Without envelope, you can see their individual caposomere and their many different triangular
faces of the Capsid
WITH envelope, they appear ordinarily spherical, and like a normal cell. (Some have spikes)
Complex Capsid - CORRECT ANSWER - They have a variety of weird shapes within the one
virus cell, and look just straight up weird.
They can be bacteriaphages and just look mutuant
Family names suffix for Taxonomy - CORRECT ANSWER - -viridae
Ex. Herpesviridae
Genus name suffix Taxonomy - CORRECT ANSWER - -virus
Genus Simplexvirus
Ex. Herpesvirus
