PAD Drug Therapy
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- ACE inhibitors can reduce PAD symptoms
- antiplatelet agents (aspirin, clopidogrel [Plavix]) are critical for reducing
the risks for CVD events and death
- oral antiplatelet therapy should include low dose aspirin therapy
- aspirin intolerant pts may take clopidogrel daily
- combination antiplatelet therapy w/aspirin and clopidogrel may be used
by select high-risk pts
, - anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin [Coumadin]) are not recommended for
prevention of CVD events in pts w/PAD.
Prevent acute complications w/Type 1 Diabetes
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- both emotional and physical stress can increase the blood glucose level
and result in hyperglycemia
- acute illness, injury, and surgery may evoke a counterregulatory hormone
response, resulting in hyperglycemia
encourage pts w/diabetes to check blood glucose at least every 4 hours
during times of illness
- teach acutely ill pts w/type 1 diabetes and a blood glucose greater than
240 mg/dL to check urine for ketones every 3 to 4 hours. Teach pts to
contact HCp when glucose levels are over 300 mg/dL twice in a row or
urine ketone levels are moderate to high
- a type 1 pt may need an increase in glucose to prevent DKA
- elevated blood glucose levels can lead to poor healing and infection
- if an illness causes pts to eat less than normal they can supplement food
intake w/carb containing fluids (low sodium soups, juices, and regular,
sugar sweetened decaf soft drinks)
- during intraop the pt is given IV fluids and insulin (if needed) just before,
during, and after surgery when there is no oral intake; to ensure safe and
healthy blood glucose levels
- important for the HCP to differentiate between hyper and hypoglycemia,
b/c hypoglycemia worsens rapidly and is a serious threat if action is not
immediately taken.
Why does Kussmaul breathing occur in metabolic acidosis?
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, It is a form of hyperventilation, which is any breathing pattern that reduces
carbon dioxide in the blood due to increased rate or depth of respiration.
In metabolic acidosis, breathing is first rapid and shallow but as acidosis
worsens, breathing gradually becomes deep, labored and gasping
Early Manifestations of inadequate oxygenation
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CNS:
- unexplained apprehension
- unexplained restlessness or irritability
- unexplained confusion or lethargy
Respiratory:
- tachypnea
- dyspnea on exertion
Cardiovascular:
- tachycardia
- mild hypertension
- dysrhythmias
Other:
- diaphoresis
- decreased urine output
- unexplained fatigue
•Bisphosphonates (Flomax)
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, Used to treat osteoporosis:
•Inhibit bone resorption and slow remodeling
•Take with full glass of water
•Take 30 minutes before food or other meds
•Remain upright for at least 30 minutes
•Continue treatment for 5 years
TURP
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- swelling in the area causing urination
- signs of infection
- CBI management and complications (normal and abnormal)
- why is CBI managed by nursing
- basic postop and urology specific
know about
Give this one a try later!
SIADH/tumor lysis syndrome
urinalysis for kidney stones is used to assess for what?
Give this one a try later!
Give this one a try later!
- ACE inhibitors can reduce PAD symptoms
- antiplatelet agents (aspirin, clopidogrel [Plavix]) are critical for reducing
the risks for CVD events and death
- oral antiplatelet therapy should include low dose aspirin therapy
- aspirin intolerant pts may take clopidogrel daily
- combination antiplatelet therapy w/aspirin and clopidogrel may be used
by select high-risk pts
, - anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin [Coumadin]) are not recommended for
prevention of CVD events in pts w/PAD.
Prevent acute complications w/Type 1 Diabetes
Give this one a try later!
- both emotional and physical stress can increase the blood glucose level
and result in hyperglycemia
- acute illness, injury, and surgery may evoke a counterregulatory hormone
response, resulting in hyperglycemia
encourage pts w/diabetes to check blood glucose at least every 4 hours
during times of illness
- teach acutely ill pts w/type 1 diabetes and a blood glucose greater than
240 mg/dL to check urine for ketones every 3 to 4 hours. Teach pts to
contact HCp when glucose levels are over 300 mg/dL twice in a row or
urine ketone levels are moderate to high
- a type 1 pt may need an increase in glucose to prevent DKA
- elevated blood glucose levels can lead to poor healing and infection
- if an illness causes pts to eat less than normal they can supplement food
intake w/carb containing fluids (low sodium soups, juices, and regular,
sugar sweetened decaf soft drinks)
- during intraop the pt is given IV fluids and insulin (if needed) just before,
during, and after surgery when there is no oral intake; to ensure safe and
healthy blood glucose levels
- important for the HCP to differentiate between hyper and hypoglycemia,
b/c hypoglycemia worsens rapidly and is a serious threat if action is not
immediately taken.
Why does Kussmaul breathing occur in metabolic acidosis?
Give this one a try later!
, It is a form of hyperventilation, which is any breathing pattern that reduces
carbon dioxide in the blood due to increased rate or depth of respiration.
In metabolic acidosis, breathing is first rapid and shallow but as acidosis
worsens, breathing gradually becomes deep, labored and gasping
Early Manifestations of inadequate oxygenation
Give this one a try later!
CNS:
- unexplained apprehension
- unexplained restlessness or irritability
- unexplained confusion or lethargy
Respiratory:
- tachypnea
- dyspnea on exertion
Cardiovascular:
- tachycardia
- mild hypertension
- dysrhythmias
Other:
- diaphoresis
- decreased urine output
- unexplained fatigue
•Bisphosphonates (Flomax)
Give this one a try later!
, Used to treat osteoporosis:
•Inhibit bone resorption and slow remodeling
•Take with full glass of water
•Take 30 minutes before food or other meds
•Remain upright for at least 30 minutes
•Continue treatment for 5 years
TURP
Give this one a try later!
- swelling in the area causing urination
- signs of infection
- CBI management and complications (normal and abnormal)
- why is CBI managed by nursing
- basic postop and urology specific
know about
Give this one a try later!
SIADH/tumor lysis syndrome
urinalysis for kidney stones is used to assess for what?
Give this one a try later!
