BTM200
BTM 200 Fundamentals of Information
Technology Final Exam
Computer abuse - -The use of a computer to do something improper or illegal.
Morals - -Conforming to established ideas of right and wrong.
Laws - -Formal standards that apply to all and enforced by official agencies.
Relativism - -No universal moral truth; moral principles dictated by culture
Divide command - -God is all-knowing and sets morals and ethical standards that
everyone should conform it.
Utilitarianism - -Actions are judged solely by consequences.
Virtue - -Morals are found internally (within the person).
Duty-based (Deontology) - -Understanding and adopting a lifestyle in line with moral
duties and rights.
Amoral behaviour - -No sense of right or wrong and the lack of awareness or interest n
the consequences.
Circuit - -A closed path followed or capable of being followed by an electric current.
Transistor - -A tiny electronic switch that can be turned "on" or "off" millions of times per
second.
Integrated circuit: - -All the parts of an electronic circuit embedded on a single silicon
chip.
Solid state - -No moving parts
Silicon - -A semiconductor made of clay and sand.
Semiconductor - -A material whose electrical properties are intermediate between a
good conductor and a nonconductor of electricity.
Chip - -A tiny piece of silicone that contains millions of micro miniature integrated
electronic circuits.
Microchips - -Store and process data in electronic devices
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Microprocessors - -The miniaturized circuitry of an entire computer processor ("brain")
on a single chip.
System unit - -The case that contains the computer's electronic components used to
process data.
Binary system - -The basis data-representation method for computers that uses 0 and
1, representing the off/on states of electricity or light pulses.
Bit - -Each 0 or 1
Byte - -A group of 8 bits or 1 character
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) - -Requires 7 or 8 bits per
character and is commonly used for microcomputers.
Unicode - -Requires 16 bits per character
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) - -Requires 8 bits per
character and is used for IBM mainframes
Machine language - -The computer's native language; a binary-type programming
language (0s and 1s) built into the CPU that is run directly by the computer.
Language translators - -The computer's system software converts higher-level language
instructions and data into machine language so that the processor can "understand"
what to do.
Bay - -Opening in the computer cabinet used for the installation of electrical equipment.
Power supply - -Converts AC to DC to run the computer
Surge protector - -Protects the computer from being damaged by power spikes
Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) - -Battery-operated device that provides power for
al limited time when there is a blackout.
Motherboard - -Main system board of the computer
Microprocessor - -Miniaturized circuitry of a computer processor
Chipset - -Groups of interconnected chips on the motherboard that control information
flow between the microprocessor and other system components connected to the
motherboard.
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Multicore processors - -Have more than one processor "core" on a single silicon chip,
which allows computers to run faster
Graphics processing unit (GPU) - -A specialized processor used to manipulate 3D
computer graphics
System clock - -Controls how fast all the operations within a computer take place (the
chip's processing speed).
Central processing unit (CPU) - -The "brain" of the computer; it follows the instructions
of the software (program) to manipulate data into information
Control unit - -Deciphers each instruction stored in the CPU and then carries out the
instruction
Machine cycle - -Fetching, decoding, executing, and storing the instruction
Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) - -Performs arithmetic and logical operations and controls the
speed of those operations
Registers - -Special CPU areas that enhance the computer's performance.
Buses - -Electrical data "roadways" through which bits are transmitted within the CPU
and between the CPU and other components of the motherboard
Word size - -The number of bits the processor can process at any one time
Primary storage - -"Memory," "main memory," "RAM"; temporary and volatile
Secondary storage - -Hard disks and flash memory units; permanent and nonvolatile
Random access memory (RAM) - -Volatile memory that holds software instructions and
data before and after the CPU processes it
Read only memory (ROM) - -Memory that cannot be written on or erased without
special equipment and is loaded at the factory with fixed start-up instructions
complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) - -Memory that is powered by a
battery and contains time, date, calendar, and boot password
Flash - -Nonvolatile memory that can be erased and reprogrammed more than once;
doesn't require a battery and used in newer PCs for BIOS instructions
Cache - -Temporarily stores instructions and data that the processor uses frequently to
speed up processing
Social
BTM 200 Fundamentals of Information
Technology Final Exam
Computer abuse - -The use of a computer to do something improper or illegal.
Morals - -Conforming to established ideas of right and wrong.
Laws - -Formal standards that apply to all and enforced by official agencies.
Relativism - -No universal moral truth; moral principles dictated by culture
Divide command - -God is all-knowing and sets morals and ethical standards that
everyone should conform it.
Utilitarianism - -Actions are judged solely by consequences.
Virtue - -Morals are found internally (within the person).
Duty-based (Deontology) - -Understanding and adopting a lifestyle in line with moral
duties and rights.
Amoral behaviour - -No sense of right or wrong and the lack of awareness or interest n
the consequences.
Circuit - -A closed path followed or capable of being followed by an electric current.
Transistor - -A tiny electronic switch that can be turned "on" or "off" millions of times per
second.
Integrated circuit: - -All the parts of an electronic circuit embedded on a single silicon
chip.
Solid state - -No moving parts
Silicon - -A semiconductor made of clay and sand.
Semiconductor - -A material whose electrical properties are intermediate between a
good conductor and a nonconductor of electricity.
Chip - -A tiny piece of silicone that contains millions of micro miniature integrated
electronic circuits.
Microchips - -Store and process data in electronic devices
Social
,BTM200
Microprocessors - -The miniaturized circuitry of an entire computer processor ("brain")
on a single chip.
System unit - -The case that contains the computer's electronic components used to
process data.
Binary system - -The basis data-representation method for computers that uses 0 and
1, representing the off/on states of electricity or light pulses.
Bit - -Each 0 or 1
Byte - -A group of 8 bits or 1 character
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) - -Requires 7 or 8 bits per
character and is commonly used for microcomputers.
Unicode - -Requires 16 bits per character
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code (EBCDIC) - -Requires 8 bits per
character and is used for IBM mainframes
Machine language - -The computer's native language; a binary-type programming
language (0s and 1s) built into the CPU that is run directly by the computer.
Language translators - -The computer's system software converts higher-level language
instructions and data into machine language so that the processor can "understand"
what to do.
Bay - -Opening in the computer cabinet used for the installation of electrical equipment.
Power supply - -Converts AC to DC to run the computer
Surge protector - -Protects the computer from being damaged by power spikes
Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) - -Battery-operated device that provides power for
al limited time when there is a blackout.
Motherboard - -Main system board of the computer
Microprocessor - -Miniaturized circuitry of a computer processor
Chipset - -Groups of interconnected chips on the motherboard that control information
flow between the microprocessor and other system components connected to the
motherboard.
Social
, BTM200
Multicore processors - -Have more than one processor "core" on a single silicon chip,
which allows computers to run faster
Graphics processing unit (GPU) - -A specialized processor used to manipulate 3D
computer graphics
System clock - -Controls how fast all the operations within a computer take place (the
chip's processing speed).
Central processing unit (CPU) - -The "brain" of the computer; it follows the instructions
of the software (program) to manipulate data into information
Control unit - -Deciphers each instruction stored in the CPU and then carries out the
instruction
Machine cycle - -Fetching, decoding, executing, and storing the instruction
Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) - -Performs arithmetic and logical operations and controls the
speed of those operations
Registers - -Special CPU areas that enhance the computer's performance.
Buses - -Electrical data "roadways" through which bits are transmitted within the CPU
and between the CPU and other components of the motherboard
Word size - -The number of bits the processor can process at any one time
Primary storage - -"Memory," "main memory," "RAM"; temporary and volatile
Secondary storage - -Hard disks and flash memory units; permanent and nonvolatile
Random access memory (RAM) - -Volatile memory that holds software instructions and
data before and after the CPU processes it
Read only memory (ROM) - -Memory that cannot be written on or erased without
special equipment and is loaded at the factory with fixed start-up instructions
complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) - -Memory that is powered by a
battery and contains time, date, calendar, and boot password
Flash - -Nonvolatile memory that can be erased and reprogrammed more than once;
doesn't require a battery and used in newer PCs for BIOS instructions
Cache - -Temporarily stores instructions and data that the processor uses frequently to
speed up processing
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