ASB 222 Buried Cities and Lost Tribes Module 1

Artifacts - Correct Ans-object made by human beings, either hand-made or mass-produced Site - Correct Ans-place Archaeology - Correct Ans-study of artifacts and relics of early mankind Cultural Items - Correct Ans-Physical/material objects that have meaning, value, or use features - Correct Ans-a distinctive attribute or aspect of something. Ecofacts - Correct Ans-Natural materials that give environmental information about a site Human Remains - Correct Ans-body of a deceased person, including cremated remains Goals of Archaeology - Correct Ans-- reveal the form of the past - discover the function of the past - understand cultural processes Cultural Evolution - Correct Ans-The adaptive changes of cultures in response to environmental changes over time Band - Correct Ans-a small kinship-based group of foragers who hunt and gather for a living over a particular territory usually less than 100 people Tribe - Correct Ans-Any system of social organization made up of villages, bands, or other groups with a common ancestry, language, culture, and name usually up to a few thousand people Chiefdom - Correct Ans-A societal grouping governed by a chief who typically relies on generosity, ritual status, or charisma rather than force to win obedience from the people. usually around 5,000-20,000+ people State - Correct Ans-A body of people living in a defined territory who have a government with the power to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority, generally 20,000+ people Hypothesis - Correct Ans-A testable prediction, often implied by a theory archaeological survey - Correct Ans-Methods archaeologists use to acquire data from sites or regions without excavation excavation - Correct Ans-the action of excavating something, especially an archaeological site. absolute dating - Correct Ans-A technique used to determine the actual age of a fossil relative dating - Correct Ans-Method of determining the age of a fossil by comparing its placement with that of fossils in other layers of rock radiocarbon dating - Correct Ans-a chemical analysis used to determine the age of organic materials based on their content of the radioisotope carbon-14 Thermoluminescence (TL) - Correct Ans-Technique for dating certain archaeological materials that were heated in the past (such as stone tools) and that release stored energy of radioactive decay as light upon reheating. dating organic materials - Correct Ans-you can use radiocarbon dating on organic materials like wood, fabric, carbonized seeds, bone, etc dating inorganic materials - Correct Ans-you can use thermoluminescence, but only to determine the last time the material was heated. Seriation - Correct Ans-Arranging objects in sequential order according to one aspect, such as size, weight, or volume. battleship curve - Correct Ans-How style frequency changes through time, shapes of seriation graphs formed by plotted points Stratigraphy - Correct Ans-the study of rock layers and the sequence of events they reflect Law of Superposition - Correct Ans-The geologic principle that states that in horizontal layers of sedimentary rock, each layer is older than the layer above it and younger than the layer below it. half-life - Correct Ans-length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay Diffusion - Correct Ans-The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time independent invention - Correct Ans-development of the same culture trait or pattern in separate cultures as a result of comparable needs and circumstances Analogy - Correct Ans-analogies for objects and their modern uses are sometimes observed during the process of making an assumption about an object and it's use based off of cultural practices in the area and the evidence available about the artifact in question Ethnoarchaeology - Correct Ans-the study of the way present-day societies use artifacts and structures and how these objects become part of the archaeological record experimental archaeology - Correct Ans-Experiments designed to determine the archaeological correlates of ancient behavior; may overlap with both ethnoarchaeology and taphonomy. - Correct Ans-