PPNC - exam 1 - Module 1/2 UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
population - CORRECT ANSWER - A collection of individuals who have one or more
personal or environmental characteristics in common, such as:
•geography (Florida)
•special interest (UF Students)
•shared circumstances/events (first semester nursing school)
•diagnosis (experiencing anxiety)
Public health - CORRECT ANSWER - intervention that benefits entire community (ex.
Fluoridated water in U.S.)
Population-focused health care - CORRECT ANSWER - public health intervention
targeted toward specific group within community (ex. Dental screenings for children, Sealant
Saturday)
Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER - the method used to find the causes of health
outcomes and diseases in populations
Demographics - CORRECT ANSWER - Objective characteristics of a population - e.g.,
age, marital status, family size, racial origin, present or prior disease, religion, income, and
education
Clinical Description - CORRECT ANSWER - Physical signs and symptoms
Examples: fatigue, increased thirst, increased urination
Epidemiological Description - CORRECT ANSWER - Characteristics of persons
associated with frequency of diabetes in certain populations
,Examples: What age groups are most like to be affected? Are there seasonal trends in rates? Are
there geographic variations in frequency?
Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER - Frequency (number of cases and relationship of the
number to the population) and pattern (occurrence of health-related events by time, place, and
person)
Prevalence - CORRECT ANSWER - the proportion of a population who have a specific
characteristic in a given time period" Example: (5%, or 5 people out of 100)
Social Justice - CORRECT ANSWER - "is the view that everyone deserves equal
economic, political and social rights and opportunities"
Health Disparities - CORRECT ANSWER - "preventable differences in the burden of
disease, injury, violence, or in opportunities to achieve optimal health experienced by socially
disadvantaged racial, ethnic, and other population groups, and communities. Health disparities
exist in all age groups"
Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER - A branch of philosophy that includes both a body of
knowledge about the moral life and a process of reflection for determining what persons ought to
do or be, regarding this life
Bioethics - CORRECT ANSWER - A branch of ethics that applies to knowledge and
processes of ethics to the examination of ethical problems in health care
Ethical theories - CORRECT ANSWER - Consequentialism, Utilitarianism, Deontology,
Egalitarianism, Libertarian, Communitarianism
Morality - CORRECT ANSWER - A shared and generational societal norms about what
constitutes right or wrong conduct
,Values - CORRECT ANSWER - Ethical judgments are concerned with values. The goal
of an ethical judgment is to choose that action or state of affairs that is good or right in the
circumstances
Autonomy - CORRECT ANSWER - The patient's right to choose or defer treatment or
other options
Beneficence - CORRECT ANSWER - Act in the patient's best interest; take positive
action to do good
Justice - CORRECT ANSWER - Equal and fair distribution of resources
Non-maleficence - CORRECT ANSWER - Do no harm
Fidelity - CORRECT ANSWER - Loyalty, fairness, advocacy for others, out of a desire to
care for them
Why Does a Nurse Need to Think about Ethics? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Nurses face
moral problems in health care settings
- Nursing ethics a subcategory of biomedical ethics
- Biomedical ethics is simply the judgments within the biomedical sciences
Why is Health Promotion Important? - CORRECT ANSWER - In the United States:
•1 in 3 DEATHS each year are from heart disease, stroke, or other cardiovascular diseases
•34 MILLION ADULTS smoke cigarettes
•72% OF ADULTS are overweight or have obesity
Health - CORRECT ANSWER - "A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-
being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity"
, Health Promotion - CORRECT ANSWER - "Health promotion is the process of enabling
people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on
individual behavior towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions"
Health Promotion - CORRECT ANSWER - - Helps individuals develop a state of
physical, spiritual, and mental well-being
- Activities are useful to all individuals because they encourage optimal function
Health Protection - CORRECT ANSWER - - "Motivated by a desire to avoid illness"
(Treas et al., 2018)."
- As the nation's health protection agency, CDC saves lives and protects people from health
threats. To accomplish our mission, CDC conducts critical science and provides health
information that protects our nation against expensive and dangerous health threats, and responds
when these arise" (CDC, 2019).
Primary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER - Disease Avoidance
"Using general and specific measures in a population to promote health and prevent the
development of disease (incidence) and using specific measures to prevent diseases in those who
are predisposed to developing a particular condition"
Who is responsible for primary prevention - CORRECT ANSWER - Public health
Primary health care
Everyone!
Examples of Primary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER - •Vaccinations
•Health Education
•Health Promotion Activities (e.g., exercise, healthy diet)
•Health Prevention Activities (e.g., handwashing, mosquito netting)
•Health Policy Interventions (e.g., seatbelt laws, fluoride in water, smoking ordnances)
Secondary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER - Early detection of disease
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
population - CORRECT ANSWER - A collection of individuals who have one or more
personal or environmental characteristics in common, such as:
•geography (Florida)
•special interest (UF Students)
•shared circumstances/events (first semester nursing school)
•diagnosis (experiencing anxiety)
Public health - CORRECT ANSWER - intervention that benefits entire community (ex.
Fluoridated water in U.S.)
Population-focused health care - CORRECT ANSWER - public health intervention
targeted toward specific group within community (ex. Dental screenings for children, Sealant
Saturday)
Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER - the method used to find the causes of health
outcomes and diseases in populations
Demographics - CORRECT ANSWER - Objective characteristics of a population - e.g.,
age, marital status, family size, racial origin, present or prior disease, religion, income, and
education
Clinical Description - CORRECT ANSWER - Physical signs and symptoms
Examples: fatigue, increased thirst, increased urination
Epidemiological Description - CORRECT ANSWER - Characteristics of persons
associated with frequency of diabetes in certain populations
,Examples: What age groups are most like to be affected? Are there seasonal trends in rates? Are
there geographic variations in frequency?
Distribution - CORRECT ANSWER - Frequency (number of cases and relationship of the
number to the population) and pattern (occurrence of health-related events by time, place, and
person)
Prevalence - CORRECT ANSWER - the proportion of a population who have a specific
characteristic in a given time period" Example: (5%, or 5 people out of 100)
Social Justice - CORRECT ANSWER - "is the view that everyone deserves equal
economic, political and social rights and opportunities"
Health Disparities - CORRECT ANSWER - "preventable differences in the burden of
disease, injury, violence, or in opportunities to achieve optimal health experienced by socially
disadvantaged racial, ethnic, and other population groups, and communities. Health disparities
exist in all age groups"
Ethics - CORRECT ANSWER - A branch of philosophy that includes both a body of
knowledge about the moral life and a process of reflection for determining what persons ought to
do or be, regarding this life
Bioethics - CORRECT ANSWER - A branch of ethics that applies to knowledge and
processes of ethics to the examination of ethical problems in health care
Ethical theories - CORRECT ANSWER - Consequentialism, Utilitarianism, Deontology,
Egalitarianism, Libertarian, Communitarianism
Morality - CORRECT ANSWER - A shared and generational societal norms about what
constitutes right or wrong conduct
,Values - CORRECT ANSWER - Ethical judgments are concerned with values. The goal
of an ethical judgment is to choose that action or state of affairs that is good or right in the
circumstances
Autonomy - CORRECT ANSWER - The patient's right to choose or defer treatment or
other options
Beneficence - CORRECT ANSWER - Act in the patient's best interest; take positive
action to do good
Justice - CORRECT ANSWER - Equal and fair distribution of resources
Non-maleficence - CORRECT ANSWER - Do no harm
Fidelity - CORRECT ANSWER - Loyalty, fairness, advocacy for others, out of a desire to
care for them
Why Does a Nurse Need to Think about Ethics? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Nurses face
moral problems in health care settings
- Nursing ethics a subcategory of biomedical ethics
- Biomedical ethics is simply the judgments within the biomedical sciences
Why is Health Promotion Important? - CORRECT ANSWER - In the United States:
•1 in 3 DEATHS each year are from heart disease, stroke, or other cardiovascular diseases
•34 MILLION ADULTS smoke cigarettes
•72% OF ADULTS are overweight or have obesity
Health - CORRECT ANSWER - "A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-
being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity"
, Health Promotion - CORRECT ANSWER - "Health promotion is the process of enabling
people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. It moves beyond a focus on
individual behavior towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions"
Health Promotion - CORRECT ANSWER - - Helps individuals develop a state of
physical, spiritual, and mental well-being
- Activities are useful to all individuals because they encourage optimal function
Health Protection - CORRECT ANSWER - - "Motivated by a desire to avoid illness"
(Treas et al., 2018)."
- As the nation's health protection agency, CDC saves lives and protects people from health
threats. To accomplish our mission, CDC conducts critical science and provides health
information that protects our nation against expensive and dangerous health threats, and responds
when these arise" (CDC, 2019).
Primary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER - Disease Avoidance
"Using general and specific measures in a population to promote health and prevent the
development of disease (incidence) and using specific measures to prevent diseases in those who
are predisposed to developing a particular condition"
Who is responsible for primary prevention - CORRECT ANSWER - Public health
Primary health care
Everyone!
Examples of Primary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER - •Vaccinations
•Health Education
•Health Promotion Activities (e.g., exercise, healthy diet)
•Health Prevention Activities (e.g., handwashing, mosquito netting)
•Health Policy Interventions (e.g., seatbelt laws, fluoride in water, smoking ordnances)
Secondary Prevention - CORRECT ANSWER - Early detection of disease
