HOSA Pathophysiology Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
Amniocentesis - ✔✔taking a fluid sample between the 15th and the 16th week of
pregnancy to diagnose congenital anomalies
Bicornate uterus - ✔✔a uterus having two horns or horn-shaped branches
Neonate - ✔✔newborn baby
Dysplasia - ✔✔marked by abnormal adult cells
Muscular dystrophy - ✔✔progressive degeneration and weakening of the skeletal
muscles
Dystrophy - ✔✔condition produced by faulty nutrition
Contractures - ✔✔immobility of muscles or a joint caused by shortening or wasting of
tissue or muscle fibers
Electromyography - ✔✔an electrodiagnostic assessment of the activity of the skeletal
muscles
Meninges - ✔✔Covering around the brain and the spinal cord
Anecephalic - ✔✔No cranial vault and little cerebral tissue
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Foramen Ovale - ✔✔opening in the septum between the right and left atria of the fetal
heart
Acyanotic - ✔✔absence of a bluish appearance of the skin and mucous membranes
Adenosarcoma - ✔✔a cancerous gland like tumor such as wilms' tumor
Ataxic - ✔✔uncoordinated gait associated with pathology of the central nervous system
Azoospermia - ✔✔an absence of spermatozoa in the seaman
Dysplasia - ✔✔marked by abnormal adult cells
Electromyography - ✔✔an electrodiagnosis assessment of the activity of skeletal
muscles
Meconium - ✔✔the first stool of a newborn, greenish black with a tarry consistency
Pylorus - ✔✔the narrow part of the stomach toward the duodenum
Stenosis - ✔✔narrowing of an opening
Tachypnea - ✔✔rapid and shallow breathing
Trisomy - ✔✔one or more than the normal number of chromosomes
Anticholinesterase - ✔✔any enzyme that counteracts in the presence of choline esters
Autoimmune - ✔✔an immune response resulting in the presence of self-antigens or
auto-antigens of certain body cells
Candidiasis - ✔✔(moniliasis) white, cheesy, curdlike patch on buccal mucosa due to
superficial fungal infection
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Collagen - ✔✔A protein fiber with a unique triple-helix that gives it great strength.
Tissues with a lot of collagen fibers are typically very strong, e.g. bone, tendons,
ligaments, etc.
Hematopoietic - ✔✔pertaining to the production and the development of blood cells or
a substance that stimulates their production
Hypogammaglobulinemia - ✔✔a below normal concentration of gamma globulin in the
blood associated with a decreased resistance to infection
Immunocompetent - ✔✔Immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency - ✔✔the diminished ability of the immune system to react with
appropriate cellular immunity response
Immunoelectrophoresis - ✔✔technique used to separate and allow identification of
complex proteins
Immunogen - ✔✔an antigen
Immunoglobulin - ✔✔protein that can act as an antibody
Immunosuppressive - ✔✔having the property of suppressing the bodys immune
response to antigens
Keratoconjunctivitis - ✔✔dryness of the conjunctiva resulting from a decrease in
lacrimal function
Lymph - ✔✔a mostly clear, colorless, transparent, alkaline fluid found within the
lymphatic vessels; formed in tissues throughout the body
Lymphadenopathy - ✔✔disease of the lymphnodes
Lymphocyte - ✔✔one of two types of (B Cells & T Cells) of leukocytes found in blood,
lymph, and lymphoid tissue
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
Questions and Answers
Amniocentesis - ✔✔taking a fluid sample between the 15th and the 16th week of
pregnancy to diagnose congenital anomalies
Bicornate uterus - ✔✔a uterus having two horns or horn-shaped branches
Neonate - ✔✔newborn baby
Dysplasia - ✔✔marked by abnormal adult cells
Muscular dystrophy - ✔✔progressive degeneration and weakening of the skeletal
muscles
Dystrophy - ✔✔condition produced by faulty nutrition
Contractures - ✔✔immobility of muscles or a joint caused by shortening or wasting of
tissue or muscle fibers
Electromyography - ✔✔an electrodiagnostic assessment of the activity of the skeletal
muscles
Meninges - ✔✔Covering around the brain and the spinal cord
Anecephalic - ✔✔No cranial vault and little cerebral tissue
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Foramen Ovale - ✔✔opening in the septum between the right and left atria of the fetal
heart
Acyanotic - ✔✔absence of a bluish appearance of the skin and mucous membranes
Adenosarcoma - ✔✔a cancerous gland like tumor such as wilms' tumor
Ataxic - ✔✔uncoordinated gait associated with pathology of the central nervous system
Azoospermia - ✔✔an absence of spermatozoa in the seaman
Dysplasia - ✔✔marked by abnormal adult cells
Electromyography - ✔✔an electrodiagnosis assessment of the activity of skeletal
muscles
Meconium - ✔✔the first stool of a newborn, greenish black with a tarry consistency
Pylorus - ✔✔the narrow part of the stomach toward the duodenum
Stenosis - ✔✔narrowing of an opening
Tachypnea - ✔✔rapid and shallow breathing
Trisomy - ✔✔one or more than the normal number of chromosomes
Anticholinesterase - ✔✔any enzyme that counteracts in the presence of choline esters
Autoimmune - ✔✔an immune response resulting in the presence of self-antigens or
auto-antigens of certain body cells
Candidiasis - ✔✔(moniliasis) white, cheesy, curdlike patch on buccal mucosa due to
superficial fungal infection
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, Collagen - ✔✔A protein fiber with a unique triple-helix that gives it great strength.
Tissues with a lot of collagen fibers are typically very strong, e.g. bone, tendons,
ligaments, etc.
Hematopoietic - ✔✔pertaining to the production and the development of blood cells or
a substance that stimulates their production
Hypogammaglobulinemia - ✔✔a below normal concentration of gamma globulin in the
blood associated with a decreased resistance to infection
Immunocompetent - ✔✔Immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency - ✔✔the diminished ability of the immune system to react with
appropriate cellular immunity response
Immunoelectrophoresis - ✔✔technique used to separate and allow identification of
complex proteins
Immunogen - ✔✔an antigen
Immunoglobulin - ✔✔protein that can act as an antibody
Immunosuppressive - ✔✔having the property of suppressing the bodys immune
response to antigens
Keratoconjunctivitis - ✔✔dryness of the conjunctiva resulting from a decrease in
lacrimal function
Lymph - ✔✔a mostly clear, colorless, transparent, alkaline fluid found within the
lymphatic vessels; formed in tissues throughout the body
Lymphadenopathy - ✔✔disease of the lymphnodes
Lymphocyte - ✔✔one of two types of (B Cells & T Cells) of leukocytes found in blood,
lymph, and lymphoid tissue
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
