HOSA Pathophysiology Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
Pathology - ✔✔the scientific study of disease; objective description of traits, causes, and
effects of abnormal conditionsh
homeostasis - ✔✔a state of equilibrium within the body; internal stability
asymptomatic - ✔✔without symptoms
Signs - ✔✔objective findings
Symptoms - ✔✔subjective findings
syndrome - ✔✔a defined collection of signs & symptoms that characterize a disease or
disorder
pathogenesis - ✔✔the stages of development of a disease
acute - ✔✔an abrupt onset of symptoms that run a brief course (less than 6 months) that
resolve in recovery or death.
chronic - ✔✔when a disease develops slowly, or is intermittent, and lasts longer than 6
months.
predisposing factors - ✔✔aka-risk factors; make a person/group more vulnerable to
disease; including age, gender, lifestyle, environment and heredity.
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, acute inflammation - ✔✔a normal protective physiologic response to tissue injury &
disease, is accompanied by redness, swelling, pain, & loss of function.
Widespread Inflammation - ✔✔marked by systemic symptoms, such as fever, malaise,
and loss of appetite; elevated wbc's
ESR - ✔✔elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
C-reactive protein (CRP) - ✔✔a blood test marker used to detect inflammatory
disorders, among other pathologies.
ischemia - ✔✔holding back/obstructing the flow of blood
exudative response/inflammation exudate - ✔✔attempts to wall off, or destroy, and
digest bacteria and dead/foreign material; this in tissues causes swelling and the excess
fluid puts pressure on tissue and nerve endings, causing pain.
phagocytic - ✔✔the process by which cells surround and digest certain particles
Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - ✔✔"superbug" that is to
blame for aggressive skin & soft tissue infections, quickly developing into abscesses and
cellulitis; sometimes called "flesh-eating bacteria".
autosomes - ✔✔the 22 remaining pairs of chromosomes
Genotype - ✔✔each cell in an individual's body contains the same chromosomes and
genetic code
karyotype - ✔✔ordered arrangement of photographs of a full chromosome set
mutations - ✔✔changes in the genetic code
Phenotype - ✔✔the entire physical appearance & biochemical & psychological makeup
of an individual as determined by the interaction of genetic makeup & environmental
factors
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
Questions and Answers
Pathology - ✔✔the scientific study of disease; objective description of traits, causes, and
effects of abnormal conditionsh
homeostasis - ✔✔a state of equilibrium within the body; internal stability
asymptomatic - ✔✔without symptoms
Signs - ✔✔objective findings
Symptoms - ✔✔subjective findings
syndrome - ✔✔a defined collection of signs & symptoms that characterize a disease or
disorder
pathogenesis - ✔✔the stages of development of a disease
acute - ✔✔an abrupt onset of symptoms that run a brief course (less than 6 months) that
resolve in recovery or death.
chronic - ✔✔when a disease develops slowly, or is intermittent, and lasts longer than 6
months.
predisposing factors - ✔✔aka-risk factors; make a person/group more vulnerable to
disease; including age, gender, lifestyle, environment and heredity.
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, acute inflammation - ✔✔a normal protective physiologic response to tissue injury &
disease, is accompanied by redness, swelling, pain, & loss of function.
Widespread Inflammation - ✔✔marked by systemic symptoms, such as fever, malaise,
and loss of appetite; elevated wbc's
ESR - ✔✔elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
C-reactive protein (CRP) - ✔✔a blood test marker used to detect inflammatory
disorders, among other pathologies.
ischemia - ✔✔holding back/obstructing the flow of blood
exudative response/inflammation exudate - ✔✔attempts to wall off, or destroy, and
digest bacteria and dead/foreign material; this in tissues causes swelling and the excess
fluid puts pressure on tissue and nerve endings, causing pain.
phagocytic - ✔✔the process by which cells surround and digest certain particles
Methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - ✔✔"superbug" that is to
blame for aggressive skin & soft tissue infections, quickly developing into abscesses and
cellulitis; sometimes called "flesh-eating bacteria".
autosomes - ✔✔the 22 remaining pairs of chromosomes
Genotype - ✔✔each cell in an individual's body contains the same chromosomes and
genetic code
karyotype - ✔✔ordered arrangement of photographs of a full chromosome set
mutations - ✔✔changes in the genetic code
Phenotype - ✔✔the entire physical appearance & biochemical & psychological makeup
of an individual as determined by the interaction of genetic makeup & environmental
factors
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
