HOSA Behavioral Health 2025 Exam
Questions and Answers
adjustment disorder with depressed mood - ✔✔symptoms are similar to those of other
depressive disorders and include sleep disturbances, feelings of hopelessness and
sadness, loss of self-esteem, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and anhedonia; occurs
after stressful events
persistent depressive disorder - ✔✔- chronic depression, most days for at least two
years in adults, one year for children and adolescents.
- no more than two months symptom-free during that time
- often occurs in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood and tends to be chronic
- symptoms similar to those of MDD but less severe
clinical manifestations of persistent depressive disorder - ✔✔c_______
m_____________of ________ : altered appetite & weight loss/gain
clinical manifestations of seasonal affective disorder - ✔✔c_____ m________________of
___________: occurs within 3months of onset of the stressor, lesser degree than other
depressed mood although a higher level of anxiety may be present
major depressive disorder (MDD) - ✔✔- depressed mood most of day nearly every day
for at least two weeks
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,- to be diagnosed: must show at least five symptoms (one must be either depressed
mood or anhedonia)
- high stress, appetite and sleep disturbance
- difficulty concentrating, hopelessness, thoughts of suicide
major depressive disorder (MDD) - ✔✔- may be one episode or recurring episodes
- symptoms are present for ≥ 14 days
- symptoms coexist and represent change from the individual's previous functioning
- depressed mood for much of day on most days
- 33% heritability
7% - ✔✔what % of adults are diagnosed with major depressive disorder?
1 out of 5 - ✔✔__ out of __ adults have mental depression
38% - ✔✔how many people who experienced MDE did not seek professional help for
their depression in 2013?
15 million - ✔✔every year how many people report having a major depressive episode
(MDE)?
females - ✔✔what gender is most affected by MDD?
clinical manifestations of major depressive disorder - ✔✔c______
m_________________of ____________: sad mood, anxiety/worry, loss of interest &
enjoyment, fatigue, sleep problems, appetite or weight changes, slowed down or
agitation, pain, feelings of guilt, concentration/memory problems, hopelessness,
suicidal thoughts
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,depression - ✔✔how _______________ is diagnosed: having 5 of the symptoms in 2
weeks; using scale's such as Hamilton depression rating, Zung self rating depression,
Raskin depression rating, Beck depression inventory and Geriatric depression scale;
thyroid test; Dexamethasone suppression test
at least 2 weeks - ✔✔what is the depression dx (diagnosis) time frame?
30, females - ✔✔depression is more common in early __s __________
risk factors, depression - ✔✔impairment in daily function, dysfunction of the nervous
system (affect ANS functioning), anemia, arthritis, asthma, back pain, diabetes, eczema,
peptic ulcer, kidney and lung disease are major _________________ for
undiagnosed/untreated ______________
medical conditions, depression - ✔✔lung and pancreatic cancer, heart failure,
myocardial infarction, stroke, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Addison's, cushing's,
AIDS, influenza, hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, Lyme disease, Parkinson's, MS,
Alzheimer's, Iron deficiency, Thiamine deficiency, Vitamin B12 def are all examples of
_________________ that can cause ___________
treatment for MDD - ✔✔- antidepressants (SSRI's)
- CBT therapy also used to increase activity levels & social skills
children, depression - ✔✔lifespan consideration for ___________ associated with
__________: difficult to determine prevalence; reports vary b/n 5% to 11% because of
reluctance of clinicians to diagnose children and lack of qualified providers in some
community
adolescents, depression - ✔✔lifespan consideration for __________ associated with
_______________: change in typical activities, self-neglect, decrease in social contact,
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, difficulty in personal relationships with teachers and parents, interest in violence,
school performance issues
older adults, depression - ✔✔lifespan consideration for ___________ associated with
____________:
- not a normal part of aging, but common in older adults
- other conditions complicate treatment
- depression also makes other treatment complicated
cultural, depression - ✔✔___________ considerations associated with _______________:
people from diverse cultures may express themselves in different ways,
symptomatology may vary as a function of culture; some have argued that although
diagnosis can be helpful in treatment planning, it can lead to the misdiagnosis of
culturally oppressed groups when clinicians do not fully take into account cultural,
gender, and ethnic differences
depression theory: intrapersonal - ✔✔- depression theory that focuses on the theme of
loss of another person, an object, self esteem or security, either real or symbolic
- anger is turned inward and against the self causing depressive episodes
depression theory: learning - ✔✔- depression results from learned helplessness
- person experiences reduction in positive reinforcement/increase in negative outcomes
depression theory: cognitive - ✔✔- depression results from a combo of negative
thoughts of self, the world , and the future
- influenced by rumination
- influenced by types of attributions (belief about causality) specifically internal, stable,
and global
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
Questions and Answers
adjustment disorder with depressed mood - ✔✔symptoms are similar to those of other
depressive disorders and include sleep disturbances, feelings of hopelessness and
sadness, loss of self-esteem, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and anhedonia; occurs
after stressful events
persistent depressive disorder - ✔✔- chronic depression, most days for at least two
years in adults, one year for children and adolescents.
- no more than two months symptom-free during that time
- often occurs in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood and tends to be chronic
- symptoms similar to those of MDD but less severe
clinical manifestations of persistent depressive disorder - ✔✔c_______
m_____________of ________ : altered appetite & weight loss/gain
clinical manifestations of seasonal affective disorder - ✔✔c_____ m________________of
___________: occurs within 3months of onset of the stressor, lesser degree than other
depressed mood although a higher level of anxiety may be present
major depressive disorder (MDD) - ✔✔- depressed mood most of day nearly every day
for at least two weeks
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,- to be diagnosed: must show at least five symptoms (one must be either depressed
mood or anhedonia)
- high stress, appetite and sleep disturbance
- difficulty concentrating, hopelessness, thoughts of suicide
major depressive disorder (MDD) - ✔✔- may be one episode or recurring episodes
- symptoms are present for ≥ 14 days
- symptoms coexist and represent change from the individual's previous functioning
- depressed mood for much of day on most days
- 33% heritability
7% - ✔✔what % of adults are diagnosed with major depressive disorder?
1 out of 5 - ✔✔__ out of __ adults have mental depression
38% - ✔✔how many people who experienced MDE did not seek professional help for
their depression in 2013?
15 million - ✔✔every year how many people report having a major depressive episode
(MDE)?
females - ✔✔what gender is most affected by MDD?
clinical manifestations of major depressive disorder - ✔✔c______
m_________________of ____________: sad mood, anxiety/worry, loss of interest &
enjoyment, fatigue, sleep problems, appetite or weight changes, slowed down or
agitation, pain, feelings of guilt, concentration/memory problems, hopelessness,
suicidal thoughts
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,depression - ✔✔how _______________ is diagnosed: having 5 of the symptoms in 2
weeks; using scale's such as Hamilton depression rating, Zung self rating depression,
Raskin depression rating, Beck depression inventory and Geriatric depression scale;
thyroid test; Dexamethasone suppression test
at least 2 weeks - ✔✔what is the depression dx (diagnosis) time frame?
30, females - ✔✔depression is more common in early __s __________
risk factors, depression - ✔✔impairment in daily function, dysfunction of the nervous
system (affect ANS functioning), anemia, arthritis, asthma, back pain, diabetes, eczema,
peptic ulcer, kidney and lung disease are major _________________ for
undiagnosed/untreated ______________
medical conditions, depression - ✔✔lung and pancreatic cancer, heart failure,
myocardial infarction, stroke, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Addison's, cushing's,
AIDS, influenza, hepatitis, infectious mononucleosis, Lyme disease, Parkinson's, MS,
Alzheimer's, Iron deficiency, Thiamine deficiency, Vitamin B12 def are all examples of
_________________ that can cause ___________
treatment for MDD - ✔✔- antidepressants (SSRI's)
- CBT therapy also used to increase activity levels & social skills
children, depression - ✔✔lifespan consideration for ___________ associated with
__________: difficult to determine prevalence; reports vary b/n 5% to 11% because of
reluctance of clinicians to diagnose children and lack of qualified providers in some
community
adolescents, depression - ✔✔lifespan consideration for __________ associated with
_______________: change in typical activities, self-neglect, decrease in social contact,
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, difficulty in personal relationships with teachers and parents, interest in violence,
school performance issues
older adults, depression - ✔✔lifespan consideration for ___________ associated with
____________:
- not a normal part of aging, but common in older adults
- other conditions complicate treatment
- depression also makes other treatment complicated
cultural, depression - ✔✔___________ considerations associated with _______________:
people from diverse cultures may express themselves in different ways,
symptomatology may vary as a function of culture; some have argued that although
diagnosis can be helpful in treatment planning, it can lead to the misdiagnosis of
culturally oppressed groups when clinicians do not fully take into account cultural,
gender, and ethnic differences
depression theory: intrapersonal - ✔✔- depression theory that focuses on the theme of
loss of another person, an object, self esteem or security, either real or symbolic
- anger is turned inward and against the self causing depressive episodes
depression theory: learning - ✔✔- depression results from learned helplessness
- person experiences reduction in positive reinforcement/increase in negative outcomes
depression theory: cognitive - ✔✔- depression results from a combo of negative
thoughts of self, the world , and the future
- influenced by rumination
- influenced by types of attributions (belief about causality) specifically internal, stable,
and global
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
