NASM Nutrition Certification
SCOFF questionnaire correct answer Basic yet reliable set of five questions that help assess whether an eating
disorder exists. Do you make yourself Sick because you feel uncomfortably full? Do you worry that you have
lost Control over how much you eat? Have you recently lost more than One stone (14 lbs) in a 3-month period?
Do you believe yourself to be Fat when others say you are too thin? Would you say that Food dominates your
life? Scientific Method correct answer The process of formulating explanations about the natural world and
testing those explanations with experiments and data. 1. Identify a Problem 2. Formulate a hypothesis 3.
Design a study to test the hypothesis 4. Collect data 5. Discard or change the hypothesis OR continue testing
Evidence-Based Practice correct answerA three-pronged approach to working with clients, which consists of
making decisions based on the weight of the scientific evidence, field observations, and individual client needs
and preferences. Prediction correct answer An expected outcome generated from a hypothesis Theory correct
answerA hypothesis or set of hypotheses for which a large body of high-quality evidence has been
accumulated. Hierarchy of Evidence correct answer1. Systematic Reviews 2. Randomized Controlled Trials 3.
Observational Research 4. Peer Reviews 5. Non-Peer-Reviewed Media, including anecdotes Anecdote correct
answer an account of a person's experience or event Uncontrolled Variable correct answerA variable in an
experiment that a scientist makes no effort to manipulate or account for. Primary Research correct answer
Original research where scientists perform experiments and collect data - this is in contrast to secondary
research where scientists analyze data that has already been collected or published elsewhere. Observational
Research correct answer Research in which a researcher observes ongoing behaviors to determine correlation.
Correlation correct answerA relationship between two or more variables. Randomized Control Trial (RCT)
correct answerA type of scientific study/trial where participants are randomly assigned into different groups -
one or more will be the intervention to be tested and one will be the control group. Groups are randomized
and a control is used in an attempt to reduce potential bias in the trial. Independent Variable correct answer
The variable scientists manipulate in an experiment. External Validity correct answer The ability to generalize
the results of a study. Systematic Review correct answerA review where scientists systematically gather all
research on a topic and evaluate it based on predefined criteria and rules. Meta-Analysis correct answerA
statistical analysis of a group of studies to assess the overall weight of the evidence. Empirical correct answer
Based on observation or experience. Test-Retest Reliability correct answer The ability to get similar results
when something is measured under the same conditions. Reliability correct answer The consistency of a
measure. Validity correct answer The assessment of whether a tool is measuring what it is supposed to
measure. Selection Bias correct answerA sample of people under study is not representative of the larger
population that scientists are looking to make inferences about. Retrospective correct answer Describes a
study that looks backward in time. Recall Bias correct answer The inability to accurately remember past
behaviors. Health correct answerA state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity. Homeostasis correct answer The tendency toward a relatively stable
equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes. Disease
correct answerA disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces
specific signs or symptoms, affects a specific location, and is not simply a direct result of physical injury.
Noncommunicable Disease correct answerA noncommunicable disease (NCD) is a medical condition or
disease that is not caused by infectious agents; it can refer to chronic diseases which last for long periods of
time and progress slowly. Communicable Disease correct answer Infectious diseases caused by
microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi that can be spread (directly or indirectly) from
one person to another. Wellness correct answer The fluid process of improving the emotional, occupational,
physical, social, intellectual, and spiritual components of life, dynamically leading to a better state of health and
well-being. Obese correct answerA high degree of excess body fat - a BMI greater than 30. Biometrics correct
answer The technical term for measurements and calculations related to human physical characteristics. Satiety
correct answerA feeling of fullness and satisfaction. Palatability correct answer The degree of pleasure or taste
, provided by a food - a highly palatable food is one that is tasty and pleasant to consume. Adenosine
Triphosphate (ATP) correct answer The energy currency of life. chemical compound that provides energy to
drive muscle contraction, transmission of nerve impulses, and the vast majority of chemical reactions that
facilitate human life. Metabolism correct answer Chemical processes occurring within the body to convert food
to energy. Thermic Effect of Food (TEF) correct answer represents the increase in energy expenditure after
consuming a meal. Thermic Effect of Activity (TEA) correct answer accounts for the most variability of daily
energy expenditure. Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT) correct answer energy expended for
everything we do that is not sleeping, eating or exercising. Lipogenesis correct answer The biological process
of combining free fatty acids with glycerol to form triglycerides. Lipolysis correct answer The biological process
of breaking stored triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol. Glycogenolysis correct answer The process of
breaking down the glycogen molecule into its individual glucose units for entry into the energy pathways.
Gluconeogenesis correct answerA metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from
non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol and glucogenic amino acids. Leptin correct
answerA hormone produced by adipose (fat) cells that acts as a satiety factor in regulating appetite. Ghrelin
correct answerA hunger-arousing hormone secreted by an empty stomach. CCK (cholecystokinin) correct
answer hormone released in the gastrointestinal system and is responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat
and protein. NPY (neuropeptide Y) correct answer neurotransmitter found in several brain areas, most notably
the hypothalamus, that stimulates eating behavior and reduces metabolism, promoting positive energy
balance and weight gain. Insulin correct answer hormone produced by the pancreas that is released when
blood glucose levels are high, promoting the uptake of glucose for fuel or storage as glycogen. Insulin helps
keeps blood-sugar levels from getting too high, also referred to as hyperglycemia. Glucagon correct answer
hormone that is released when blood sugars decrease below a certain threshold. It stimulates the breakdown
of stored glucose (glycogen) in the liver, releasing additional glucose into the bloodstream for fuel. ATP-PC
system correct answer energy system producing ATP during high intensity, short duration exercise.
Phosphocreatine decomposes and releases large amount of energy used to construct ATP. provides energy for
muscle contraction for up to 10 seconds. Anaerobic Glycolytic System correct answer Glucose is used for fuel
and is either blood glucose or muscle glycogen, broken down in to pyruvic acid, when there is insufficient
oxygen it then is transformed into lactic acid. Energy up to 2 minutes. Aerobic Energy System correct answer
virtually unlimited capacity for making ATP, uses carbs, fat, protein for fuel. Slow to produce ATP. Lasts
anywhere from 2 minutes to a few hours. Acid-Base Balance correct answer The process of achieving, or the
state of, equilibrium between acidic and alkaline molecules. Cell Signaling correct answer Process of
communication between cells by biological messengers to govern cellular function. Organic Molecules correct
answer Chemical structures containing only carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and/or nitrogen. Amino Acids correct
answer The organic building blocks of proteins containing both a carboxyl and an amino group. Essential
Amino Acids (EAA) correct answer Amino acids that are necessary for bodily functions but cannot be
synthesized by the body and, therefore, must be obtained in the diet. Phenylalanine Valine Threonine
Tryptophan Isoleucine Methionine Histidine Arginine* Lysine Leucine Branched Chain Amino Acid correct
answer The three essential amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) which are abundant in skeletal muscle
tissue and named for their branch-like structure. conditionally essential amino acids correct answer amino
acids that are normally considered nonessential but become essential under certain circumstances when the
body's need for them exceeds the ability to produce them. nonessential amino acids correct answer amino
acids that the body can synthesize & normally do not need to be obtained in the diet. protein synthesis correct
answer Process of joining amino acids with peptide bonds to form proteins. dehydration synthesis correct
answer The joining of two large molecules by removing one hydrogen from one molecule and a hydroxyl
group (OH) from another molecule and then binding the two larger molecules together on the newly freed
bonds. Peptide Bond correct answer The bond between two amino acids, occurring between the carboxyl
group of one and the amino group of the other. Hydrolysis correct answer Breakdown of one large molecule
into two smaller molecules via the donation of one hydrogen and one hydroxyl group from water to the
smaller molecules, respectively. Dipeptide correct answer Two amino acids bonded together tripeptide correct
answer3 amino acids oligopeptide correct answer4-9 amino acids Polypeptide correct answer chain of 10 or
SCOFF questionnaire correct answer Basic yet reliable set of five questions that help assess whether an eating
disorder exists. Do you make yourself Sick because you feel uncomfortably full? Do you worry that you have
lost Control over how much you eat? Have you recently lost more than One stone (14 lbs) in a 3-month period?
Do you believe yourself to be Fat when others say you are too thin? Would you say that Food dominates your
life? Scientific Method correct answer The process of formulating explanations about the natural world and
testing those explanations with experiments and data. 1. Identify a Problem 2. Formulate a hypothesis 3.
Design a study to test the hypothesis 4. Collect data 5. Discard or change the hypothesis OR continue testing
Evidence-Based Practice correct answerA three-pronged approach to working with clients, which consists of
making decisions based on the weight of the scientific evidence, field observations, and individual client needs
and preferences. Prediction correct answer An expected outcome generated from a hypothesis Theory correct
answerA hypothesis or set of hypotheses for which a large body of high-quality evidence has been
accumulated. Hierarchy of Evidence correct answer1. Systematic Reviews 2. Randomized Controlled Trials 3.
Observational Research 4. Peer Reviews 5. Non-Peer-Reviewed Media, including anecdotes Anecdote correct
answer an account of a person's experience or event Uncontrolled Variable correct answerA variable in an
experiment that a scientist makes no effort to manipulate or account for. Primary Research correct answer
Original research where scientists perform experiments and collect data - this is in contrast to secondary
research where scientists analyze data that has already been collected or published elsewhere. Observational
Research correct answer Research in which a researcher observes ongoing behaviors to determine correlation.
Correlation correct answerA relationship between two or more variables. Randomized Control Trial (RCT)
correct answerA type of scientific study/trial where participants are randomly assigned into different groups -
one or more will be the intervention to be tested and one will be the control group. Groups are randomized
and a control is used in an attempt to reduce potential bias in the trial. Independent Variable correct answer
The variable scientists manipulate in an experiment. External Validity correct answer The ability to generalize
the results of a study. Systematic Review correct answerA review where scientists systematically gather all
research on a topic and evaluate it based on predefined criteria and rules. Meta-Analysis correct answerA
statistical analysis of a group of studies to assess the overall weight of the evidence. Empirical correct answer
Based on observation or experience. Test-Retest Reliability correct answer The ability to get similar results
when something is measured under the same conditions. Reliability correct answer The consistency of a
measure. Validity correct answer The assessment of whether a tool is measuring what it is supposed to
measure. Selection Bias correct answerA sample of people under study is not representative of the larger
population that scientists are looking to make inferences about. Retrospective correct answer Describes a
study that looks backward in time. Recall Bias correct answer The inability to accurately remember past
behaviors. Health correct answerA state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity. Homeostasis correct answer The tendency toward a relatively stable
equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes. Disease
correct answerA disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces
specific signs or symptoms, affects a specific location, and is not simply a direct result of physical injury.
Noncommunicable Disease correct answerA noncommunicable disease (NCD) is a medical condition or
disease that is not caused by infectious agents; it can refer to chronic diseases which last for long periods of
time and progress slowly. Communicable Disease correct answer Infectious diseases caused by
microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi that can be spread (directly or indirectly) from
one person to another. Wellness correct answer The fluid process of improving the emotional, occupational,
physical, social, intellectual, and spiritual components of life, dynamically leading to a better state of health and
well-being. Obese correct answerA high degree of excess body fat - a BMI greater than 30. Biometrics correct
answer The technical term for measurements and calculations related to human physical characteristics. Satiety
correct answerA feeling of fullness and satisfaction. Palatability correct answer The degree of pleasure or taste
, provided by a food - a highly palatable food is one that is tasty and pleasant to consume. Adenosine
Triphosphate (ATP) correct answer The energy currency of life. chemical compound that provides energy to
drive muscle contraction, transmission of nerve impulses, and the vast majority of chemical reactions that
facilitate human life. Metabolism correct answer Chemical processes occurring within the body to convert food
to energy. Thermic Effect of Food (TEF) correct answer represents the increase in energy expenditure after
consuming a meal. Thermic Effect of Activity (TEA) correct answer accounts for the most variability of daily
energy expenditure. Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT) correct answer energy expended for
everything we do that is not sleeping, eating or exercising. Lipogenesis correct answer The biological process
of combining free fatty acids with glycerol to form triglycerides. Lipolysis correct answer The biological process
of breaking stored triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol. Glycogenolysis correct answer The process of
breaking down the glycogen molecule into its individual glucose units for entry into the energy pathways.
Gluconeogenesis correct answerA metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from
non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol and glucogenic amino acids. Leptin correct
answerA hormone produced by adipose (fat) cells that acts as a satiety factor in regulating appetite. Ghrelin
correct answerA hunger-arousing hormone secreted by an empty stomach. CCK (cholecystokinin) correct
answer hormone released in the gastrointestinal system and is responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat
and protein. NPY (neuropeptide Y) correct answer neurotransmitter found in several brain areas, most notably
the hypothalamus, that stimulates eating behavior and reduces metabolism, promoting positive energy
balance and weight gain. Insulin correct answer hormone produced by the pancreas that is released when
blood glucose levels are high, promoting the uptake of glucose for fuel or storage as glycogen. Insulin helps
keeps blood-sugar levels from getting too high, also referred to as hyperglycemia. Glucagon correct answer
hormone that is released when blood sugars decrease below a certain threshold. It stimulates the breakdown
of stored glucose (glycogen) in the liver, releasing additional glucose into the bloodstream for fuel. ATP-PC
system correct answer energy system producing ATP during high intensity, short duration exercise.
Phosphocreatine decomposes and releases large amount of energy used to construct ATP. provides energy for
muscle contraction for up to 10 seconds. Anaerobic Glycolytic System correct answer Glucose is used for fuel
and is either blood glucose or muscle glycogen, broken down in to pyruvic acid, when there is insufficient
oxygen it then is transformed into lactic acid. Energy up to 2 minutes. Aerobic Energy System correct answer
virtually unlimited capacity for making ATP, uses carbs, fat, protein for fuel. Slow to produce ATP. Lasts
anywhere from 2 minutes to a few hours. Acid-Base Balance correct answer The process of achieving, or the
state of, equilibrium between acidic and alkaline molecules. Cell Signaling correct answer Process of
communication between cells by biological messengers to govern cellular function. Organic Molecules correct
answer Chemical structures containing only carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and/or nitrogen. Amino Acids correct
answer The organic building blocks of proteins containing both a carboxyl and an amino group. Essential
Amino Acids (EAA) correct answer Amino acids that are necessary for bodily functions but cannot be
synthesized by the body and, therefore, must be obtained in the diet. Phenylalanine Valine Threonine
Tryptophan Isoleucine Methionine Histidine Arginine* Lysine Leucine Branched Chain Amino Acid correct
answer The three essential amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) which are abundant in skeletal muscle
tissue and named for their branch-like structure. conditionally essential amino acids correct answer amino
acids that are normally considered nonessential but become essential under certain circumstances when the
body's need for them exceeds the ability to produce them. nonessential amino acids correct answer amino
acids that the body can synthesize & normally do not need to be obtained in the diet. protein synthesis correct
answer Process of joining amino acids with peptide bonds to form proteins. dehydration synthesis correct
answer The joining of two large molecules by removing one hydrogen from one molecule and a hydroxyl
group (OH) from another molecule and then binding the two larger molecules together on the newly freed
bonds. Peptide Bond correct answer The bond between two amino acids, occurring between the carboxyl
group of one and the amino group of the other. Hydrolysis correct answer Breakdown of one large molecule
into two smaller molecules via the donation of one hydrogen and one hydroxyl group from water to the
smaller molecules, respectively. Dipeptide correct answer Two amino acids bonded together tripeptide correct
answer3 amino acids oligopeptide correct answer4-9 amino acids Polypeptide correct answer chain of 10 or
