PSYCH 242 EXAM 3 WITH VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS
level wof wconstraint w- wcorrect wanswers w--refers wto whow wmuch wcontrol wthe
wresearcher whas wover wthe wstudy
-limited wcontrol won wWHAT, wWHEN w, wHOW wvariables ware wmeasured
Archival wstudies w(low-constraint wmethod) w- wcorrect wanswers w--rely won whistorical
wdata
-nothing wnew wis wcollected
-combines wdata wfrom wentirely wdifferent wsources
archival wstudies w(low-constraint wmethod) wadvantages w- wcorrect wanswers w--can
wrely won whuge wdata wsets wfor wfree
-no wrisk wthat wthe wresearcher winfluences wthe wresults
, archival wstudies w(low wconstraint wmethod) wlimitations w- wcorrect wanswers w--there
wcan wbe walternative wexplanations wto wthe wrelationship wyou're wtrying wto wmeasure
-no wcontrol wover wdata wcollection wand wreliability wof wsources
naturalistic wobservation w(low-constraint wmethod) w- wcorrect wanswers w-observing
wbehavior win wits wnatural wenvironment w
1. wunobtrusive wobservation w(fly won wwall)
2. wparticipant wobservation w(psychiatric wdiagnoses)
naturalistic wobservation, wunobtrusive wobservation w- wcorrect wanswers w-advantage:
-behavior wis wcompletely wnatural
limitation:
-no wcontrol wover wwhat wis whappening
natural wobservation, wparticipant wobservation w- wcorrect wanswers w-advantage:
-people wcan wcreate wchanges win wdifferent wsituations w(higher wlevel wof wconstraint)
limitation:
-unintended winfluence won wthe wpeople w(experimenter weffects)
general wlimitations wof wlow-constraint wmethods w- wcorrect wanswers w-1.
wrepresentatives w(generalizability w)
-small wsamples
-present win wobservation w& wcase wstudies
-not win warchival wstudies
-selected wbased won wconvenience
2. wreplicability
-small wsamples
-present win wobservation w& wcase wstudies w
-flexible wprocedures
-hard wto wmake wsure wthat wobservations ware wdone win wthe wexact wsame wway
3. wexperimenter wbias
-methods ware wmore wflexible wso wtheres wmore wroom wfor wbiased winterpretations
-confirmation wbias
4. wvalidity wof wmeasures:
-when wmeasures wweren't wdeveloped wfor wyour wpurposes, wthey wmay wnot wcapture
wyour wconstruct wof winterest w(archival wstudies)
5. wcausality:
-correlation wdoesn't wimply wcausality w(cause&effect)
SOLUTIONS
level wof wconstraint w- wcorrect wanswers w--refers wto whow wmuch wcontrol wthe
wresearcher whas wover wthe wstudy
-limited wcontrol won wWHAT, wWHEN w, wHOW wvariables ware wmeasured
Archival wstudies w(low-constraint wmethod) w- wcorrect wanswers w--rely won whistorical
wdata
-nothing wnew wis wcollected
-combines wdata wfrom wentirely wdifferent wsources
archival wstudies w(low-constraint wmethod) wadvantages w- wcorrect wanswers w--can
wrely won whuge wdata wsets wfor wfree
-no wrisk wthat wthe wresearcher winfluences wthe wresults
, archival wstudies w(low wconstraint wmethod) wlimitations w- wcorrect wanswers w--there
wcan wbe walternative wexplanations wto wthe wrelationship wyou're wtrying wto wmeasure
-no wcontrol wover wdata wcollection wand wreliability wof wsources
naturalistic wobservation w(low-constraint wmethod) w- wcorrect wanswers w-observing
wbehavior win wits wnatural wenvironment w
1. wunobtrusive wobservation w(fly won wwall)
2. wparticipant wobservation w(psychiatric wdiagnoses)
naturalistic wobservation, wunobtrusive wobservation w- wcorrect wanswers w-advantage:
-behavior wis wcompletely wnatural
limitation:
-no wcontrol wover wwhat wis whappening
natural wobservation, wparticipant wobservation w- wcorrect wanswers w-advantage:
-people wcan wcreate wchanges win wdifferent wsituations w(higher wlevel wof wconstraint)
limitation:
-unintended winfluence won wthe wpeople w(experimenter weffects)
general wlimitations wof wlow-constraint wmethods w- wcorrect wanswers w-1.
wrepresentatives w(generalizability w)
-small wsamples
-present win wobservation w& wcase wstudies
-not win warchival wstudies
-selected wbased won wconvenience
2. wreplicability
-small wsamples
-present win wobservation w& wcase wstudies w
-flexible wprocedures
-hard wto wmake wsure wthat wobservations ware wdone win wthe wexact wsame wway
3. wexperimenter wbias
-methods ware wmore wflexible wso wtheres wmore wroom wfor wbiased winterpretations
-confirmation wbias
4. wvalidity wof wmeasures:
-when wmeasures wweren't wdeveloped wfor wyour wpurposes, wthey wmay wnot wcapture
wyour wconstruct wof winterest w(archival wstudies)
5. wcausality:
-correlation wdoesn't wimply wcausality w(cause&effect)
