U.S. Government Exam Review

What is the purpose of government? correct answer Protect, maintain public order, resolve social conflicts, responsibility for a stable economy, and provide public services. Limited Government correct answer A system in which government's powers are restricted and individuals' rights are protected. Declaration of Independence correct answer Written by Thomas Jefferson, Declares Independence, List of complaints against Britain,expresses enduring beliefs of American society. Defines liberty, order, equality, democracy, and justice. John Locke correct answer Enlightenment philosopher who wrote the "Second Treaties of Government", greatly influenced the Declaration of Independence. Principles:Natural Rights and Consent of The Governed. Supremacy Clause and changes correct answer Created to keep elastic clause from being stretched, and to restrict governmental powers. Overlooked during McCulloch VS. Maryland case. During the civil war, supremacy clause guaranteed that the union could not be dissolved. Unitary System correct answer A form of government in which all powers of the government are held by a single unit or agency. Federal System correct answer A form of government in which governmental powers are divided between a central authority and a number of regional political subdivisions. Confederacy correct answer A political system in which a weak central government has limited authority, and the states have all of the power. Socialism correct answer The economic system that advocates government ownership of the means of products. Capitalism correct answer An economic system characterized by open competition in a free market and based on private ownership. Communism correct answer A system of government in which the state controls the means of production. Parliamentary Government correct answer A form of government in which the executive leaders are chosen by and responsible to the legislature. Presidential Government correct answer A form of government in which the legislative and executive branches are separate and function independently. Democracy correct answer A system of government by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives. Direct Democracy correct answer A democratic system of government in which all citizens participate in politics and decision-making. Representative Democracy correct answer A democratic system of government in which policies are made by officials accountable to the people who elected them. Dictatorship correct answer A form of government in which an absolute ruler controls the power, often through fear or force, and ignores the will of the people. Monarchy correct answer A government in which the ruler's power is hereditary. Popular Sovereignty correct answer The fundamental principle that the power to govern belongs to the people and that the government must be based on the consent of the governed. Second Treaties of Government correct answer Written by John Locke, and expresses enlightenment philosophy and the principles of the consent of the governed and natural rights. Checks and Balances correct answer A system in which the political power is divided among the three branches of government, each having some control over the others. Preamble correct answer Lists the six goals of government: form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic peace, provide for common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure liberty. First Amendment correct answer Freedom of speech and press including pure speech, speech plus, symbolic speech, and flag burning. Second Amendment correct answer Right to bear arms Tenth Amendment correct answer Powers of states and people Fourteenth Amendment correct answer Citizenship and Civil Rights Fifteenth Amendment correct answer Right to Vote Seventeenth Amendment correct answer Direct election of senators Nineteenth Amendment correct answer Women's suffer age Twenty-First Amendment correct answer Repeal of prohibition Twenty-Fourth Amendment correct answer Abolition of poll taxes Twenty-Sixth Amendment correct answer18-year-old right to vote Original Method of Electing House Members correct answer Originally, members of the Senate were selected by the state legislatures for staggered 6 year terms, in accordance with Article 1, Section 3 of the Constitution. Reserved Powers correct answer The powers that the constitution sets aside for the state governments. Powers Denied to the States (Delegated powers) correct answer The powers, also called enumerated or expressed powers, that are specifically granted to the federal government by the constitution. Sovereignty correct answer The authority of a nation-state's right to rule itself. Federalists correct answer Supporters of a strong central government, as described in the constitution. Anti-Federalists correct answer Those who opposed the adoption of the constitution. Due Process correct answer The principle, guaranteed in the constitution, that the state and federal governments must not deprive an individual of life, liberty, or property by unfair or unreasonable actions. American Disabilities Act correct a