PSYCH 242 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
CORRECT 100%
chronology of clinical psychology - ANSWER Did not exist till the turn of the 20th
century
Moral treatment
First clinic
War
Biological reductionism
pre 1700s view of mental illness - ANSWER Demonic possession
Hippocrates (~400 B.C.) was an exception
Biopsychological model
late 1700s - ANSWER Moral therapy
Pinel/tuke
mid 1800s - ANSWER dorothea dix
.William Tuke (1732-1822) - ANSWER Appalled by asylums- devoted life to changing
these conditions and treating the mentally ill with respect
Called his facility a "retreat"`
Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) - ANSWER Liberator of mentally ill in france
Mentally ill are not possessed by devils
Eli Todd (1762-1832) - ANSWER American
Let patients have input in their own decisions
Dorothea Dix (1802-1887) - ANSWER Not enough hospitals to treat mentally ill
More than 30 state institutions for the mentally ill
Lightner Witmer (1867-1956) - ANSWER The father of clinical psychology
In the late 1800s psychologists didn't practice, they studied
Birth name: david
Opened first clinic at upenn
Worked with children whose problems were in school setting with learning and behavior
Said psych should be for everyone- not just the crazies
Defined psychology as related to medicine, education and social work
But said not just anyone should be allowed to practice clinical psychology, should be a
professional
Founder of school psychology
studied under James McKeen Cattell
Used psychology to HELP people
,Critical, impolite, argumentative
Targets included APA, peers, field of psychology
Ideas not testable; presented theories as facts, not hypotheses
Ideas were ahead of the time and against mainstream ideas
A few raised eyebrows at APA
The "birth" of clinical psychology - ANSWER Categorizing mental illness was hard
Intervention-sigmund freud
Late 1800s
First systematically developed psychotherapeutic techniques
Assessment- Eli Kraepelin
Father of descriptive psychiatry
Gave terminology to mental disorders
Eventually led to to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)
1899
Analyzed symptom similarities and differences among large groups of people
Co occurring symptoms=syndromes
Assessment of intelligence - ANSWER Edward Lee Thorndike
Each person possesses independent intelligences
Charles Spearman
Led a group of theorists who argued for the existence of "g" a general intelligence
thought to overlap with other abilities
Psychotherapy - ANSWER 1940s and 50s this became a significant role in clinical
psychology
Psychodynamic approach dominated (behavioralism surfaced and so did the humanistic
or "client centered" approach
The role of IQ testing.. And war - ANSWER WWI (1914-1918)
Quickly evaluate "mental fitness" of military recruits
Army alpha (verbal, could read, higher intelligence) and army beta (nonverbal, couldn't
read)
First time we tested mental age vs chronological age
Standardization and normative comparison
Discipline of clinical psychology officially recognized 1919
Another war... more clinical psychology - ANSWER WWII- veterans needed counseling
(shellshock)
Large influx from europe to US of psychologists (such as freud)
Not enough psychiatrists so turned to clinical psychologists
VA veterans founded training programs for psychologists
1949 the boulder conference
The boulder model
Psychologists should both be researcher and physician)
1940s-1960s
, Significant growth in clinical psychology
New therapies (behavioral, experiential)
New tests (personality)
First DSM published in 1952
Women and minorities stated becoming psychologists
Insurance started covering
Challenging the status quo
Assessment- clinical vs statistical (Meehl)- use both!
Personality v s environment (mischel)- emphasize past behavior and situational factors,
not as much personality, used behavioral approaches
Intervention
Eysenck vs psychotherapy
1952 critical analysis of people using psychodynamic therapy vs no therapy, realized
there was no difference
A call for research - ANSWER Assessment
Empirically based behavioral rating scales for children
Refinement of the MMPI (into the MMPI-II)
DSM-III- specific criteria to improve reliability
Current professional developments
work settings clinical psychologists - ANSWER Universities
Can still do research and treatment, but others also teach
VAMC's
Number one employer of psychologists in the united states (PTSD, veterans, behavioral
health, there is one in durham)
Private practice
Individual, group practice, group therapy
Less severe mental illness
General hospitals
Can work on a treatment team
Health services
Psychiatric hospitals
In butner NC
Where individuals who cannot take care of themselves are sent until they can take care
of themselves
More severe psychological disorders
Doing what (clinical psych) - ANSWER Psychotherapy
Applied and basic research
Assessments
Consultation- help lawyers choose jury's, sesame street first aspergers character
teaching/supervision
We're not - ANSWER Counseling psychologists
CORRECT 100%
chronology of clinical psychology - ANSWER Did not exist till the turn of the 20th
century
Moral treatment
First clinic
War
Biological reductionism
pre 1700s view of mental illness - ANSWER Demonic possession
Hippocrates (~400 B.C.) was an exception
Biopsychological model
late 1700s - ANSWER Moral therapy
Pinel/tuke
mid 1800s - ANSWER dorothea dix
.William Tuke (1732-1822) - ANSWER Appalled by asylums- devoted life to changing
these conditions and treating the mentally ill with respect
Called his facility a "retreat"`
Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) - ANSWER Liberator of mentally ill in france
Mentally ill are not possessed by devils
Eli Todd (1762-1832) - ANSWER American
Let patients have input in their own decisions
Dorothea Dix (1802-1887) - ANSWER Not enough hospitals to treat mentally ill
More than 30 state institutions for the mentally ill
Lightner Witmer (1867-1956) - ANSWER The father of clinical psychology
In the late 1800s psychologists didn't practice, they studied
Birth name: david
Opened first clinic at upenn
Worked with children whose problems were in school setting with learning and behavior
Said psych should be for everyone- not just the crazies
Defined psychology as related to medicine, education and social work
But said not just anyone should be allowed to practice clinical psychology, should be a
professional
Founder of school psychology
studied under James McKeen Cattell
Used psychology to HELP people
,Critical, impolite, argumentative
Targets included APA, peers, field of psychology
Ideas not testable; presented theories as facts, not hypotheses
Ideas were ahead of the time and against mainstream ideas
A few raised eyebrows at APA
The "birth" of clinical psychology - ANSWER Categorizing mental illness was hard
Intervention-sigmund freud
Late 1800s
First systematically developed psychotherapeutic techniques
Assessment- Eli Kraepelin
Father of descriptive psychiatry
Gave terminology to mental disorders
Eventually led to to the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)
1899
Analyzed symptom similarities and differences among large groups of people
Co occurring symptoms=syndromes
Assessment of intelligence - ANSWER Edward Lee Thorndike
Each person possesses independent intelligences
Charles Spearman
Led a group of theorists who argued for the existence of "g" a general intelligence
thought to overlap with other abilities
Psychotherapy - ANSWER 1940s and 50s this became a significant role in clinical
psychology
Psychodynamic approach dominated (behavioralism surfaced and so did the humanistic
or "client centered" approach
The role of IQ testing.. And war - ANSWER WWI (1914-1918)
Quickly evaluate "mental fitness" of military recruits
Army alpha (verbal, could read, higher intelligence) and army beta (nonverbal, couldn't
read)
First time we tested mental age vs chronological age
Standardization and normative comparison
Discipline of clinical psychology officially recognized 1919
Another war... more clinical psychology - ANSWER WWII- veterans needed counseling
(shellshock)
Large influx from europe to US of psychologists (such as freud)
Not enough psychiatrists so turned to clinical psychologists
VA veterans founded training programs for psychologists
1949 the boulder conference
The boulder model
Psychologists should both be researcher and physician)
1940s-1960s
, Significant growth in clinical psychology
New therapies (behavioral, experiential)
New tests (personality)
First DSM published in 1952
Women and minorities stated becoming psychologists
Insurance started covering
Challenging the status quo
Assessment- clinical vs statistical (Meehl)- use both!
Personality v s environment (mischel)- emphasize past behavior and situational factors,
not as much personality, used behavioral approaches
Intervention
Eysenck vs psychotherapy
1952 critical analysis of people using psychodynamic therapy vs no therapy, realized
there was no difference
A call for research - ANSWER Assessment
Empirically based behavioral rating scales for children
Refinement of the MMPI (into the MMPI-II)
DSM-III- specific criteria to improve reliability
Current professional developments
work settings clinical psychologists - ANSWER Universities
Can still do research and treatment, but others also teach
VAMC's
Number one employer of psychologists in the united states (PTSD, veterans, behavioral
health, there is one in durham)
Private practice
Individual, group practice, group therapy
Less severe mental illness
General hospitals
Can work on a treatment team
Health services
Psychiatric hospitals
In butner NC
Where individuals who cannot take care of themselves are sent until they can take care
of themselves
More severe psychological disorders
Doing what (clinical psych) - ANSWER Psychotherapy
Applied and basic research
Assessments
Consultation- help lawyers choose jury's, sesame street first aspergers character
teaching/supervision
We're not - ANSWER Counseling psychologists
