NURS 108 STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Acceptable ranges of heart rate - ✔✔Infant: 120-160
Toddler: 90-140
Preschooler: 80-110
School-age child: 75-100
Adolescent: 60-90
Adult: 60-100
✔✔Acceptable ranges of respiratory rate - ✔✔Adolescent 16-20
Adult 12-20
Newborn 30-60
Infant 30-50
Toddler 25-32
Child 20-30
✔✔When assessing infant vitals, you should? - ✔✔check resps 1st (a disturbed baby
with cry and breath harder) Temp-rectally (last) Pulse- listen to chest (apical) No BP in
infants
✔✔When assessing children vitals, you should? - ✔✔Pulse and Resp at same time
radial pulse keep hold then count resp w/o them knowing. Temp-tempanic (ear) or
temporal, axillary or oral depending on child BP- correct size cuff, prepare child that
their arm is going to get a "hug"
✔✔diastolic pressure
systolic pressure
Pulse pressure - ✔✔-pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest
-pressure in the arteries when the heart is at its peak
- Systolic minus diastolic equals pulse pressure
✔✔Auscultate - ✔✔To listen to sounds within an organ with a stethoscope.
✔✔palpate - ✔✔examine (a part of the body) by touch, especially for medical purposes.
✔✔percussion - ✔✔a diagnostic procedure designed to determine the density of a body
part by the sound produced by tapping the surface with the fingers
✔✔When assessing adults vitals, you should? - ✔✔(12 and up, size of cuff depend on
size of pt) Temp-orally, tempanic, axillary Pulse- radial Resp-counted after pulse BP-
size of cuff
✔✔IADLs (instrumental activities of daily living) - ✔✔actions that require some
intellectual competence and forethought, more complex activities. Laundry, shopping for
,groceries, using a telephone, cooking, shopping, housekeeping, finances, taking
medications, preparing meals, fixing things around the house, lawn care,etc.
✔✔Standing orders and protocols allow patient care to be shared among non-clinician
members of the care team, like medical assistants and nurses. What are the
differences? - ✔✔Standard orders are:
-Preprinted documents containing info on guidelines, monitoring, etc.
-Used in urgent or emergent scenarios in which immediate actions must be taken to
support patient.
-Initiated by Nurse.
- Responsible provider (generally attending physician) must sign standing orders at time
of or as soon as possible after execution of nurse-initiated order(s).
Protocols:
-Protocols are used pro-actively by providers to support likely/potential patient care
circumstances in which a pre-determined response can be identified. -Protocol must be
INITIATED/Ordered by Provider prior to nursing response "per protocol." Subsequent
actions based on the ordered protocol would be initiated by RN.
✔✔Levels of critical thinking in nursing - ✔✔1. Basic
2. Complex
3. Commitment
✔✔Components of Critical Thinking in Nursing - ✔✔I. Specific knowledge base in
nursing
II. Experience
III. Critical thinking competencies
IV. Attitudes for critical thinking
V. Standards for critical thinking
✔✔Nursing Model for clinical decision making - ✔✔Specific Knowledge base
Experience
Nursing competency
Attitudes for critical thinking
Professional standards
✔✔1st step in nursing process is called? - ✔✔Assess, involves gathering info about pts
condition
✔✔3rd step in the nursing process is called? - ✔✔Plan, setting goals and outcomes,
while identifying approriate nursing actions and predicted outcomes.
✔✔Domains of Nursing Practice - ✔✔• The Helping Role
• The Teaching-Coaching Function
• The Diagnostic and Patient-Monitoring Function
• Effective Management of Rapidly Changing Situations
, • Administering and Monitoring Therapeutic Interventions and Regimens
• Monitoring and Ensuring the Quality of Health Care Practices
• Organizational and Work-Role Competencies
✔✔Nursing Interventions - ✔✔any treatment, based on clinical judgment and
knowledge, that a nurse performs to enhance patient outcomes; there are nurse-
initiated, physician-initiated, and collaborative interventions
✔✔ANA is used for? - ✔✔Nurses Standards of Practice.
✔✔QSEN competencies - ✔✔Patient-Centered Care
Teamwork and Collaboration
Evidence-Based Practice
Quality Improvement
Safety
Informatics
✔✔In what form are the nurse and health care provider initiated interventions available?
- ✔✔Clinical guidelines, protocols, preprinted (standing) orders and the NIC
✔✔What are the three things that standing orders include? - ✔✔Conduct of routine
therapies, monitor guidelines and diagnostic procedures for specific patients
✔✔What are standing orders? - ✔✔Preprinted document that gives nurses the legal
protection to intervene rapidly when needed
✔✔What are the 5 factors to consider when preparing for implementation? - ✔✔Time
management, equipment, personnel, environment and patient
✔✔What are the 3 types of implementation skills? - ✔✔Cognitive, interpersonal and
psychomotor
✔✔NIC was developed by U of Iowa and offers - ✔✔a level of standardization to
enhance the communication of nursing care across settings and to compare outcomes.
✔✔Reasons to revise plan of care is needed : - ✔✔-When the pt status has changed
and the nursing dx is no longer appropriate.
Modification will require 4 steps to modify
✔✔Modification of an existing written care plan includes four steps: - ✔✔-Revise data
assessment.
-Revise the nursing diagnoses.
-Revise specific interventions.
-Determine how to evaluate whether you have achieved outcomes.
ANSWERS GUARANTEE A+
✔✔Acceptable ranges of heart rate - ✔✔Infant: 120-160
Toddler: 90-140
Preschooler: 80-110
School-age child: 75-100
Adolescent: 60-90
Adult: 60-100
✔✔Acceptable ranges of respiratory rate - ✔✔Adolescent 16-20
Adult 12-20
Newborn 30-60
Infant 30-50
Toddler 25-32
Child 20-30
✔✔When assessing infant vitals, you should? - ✔✔check resps 1st (a disturbed baby
with cry and breath harder) Temp-rectally (last) Pulse- listen to chest (apical) No BP in
infants
✔✔When assessing children vitals, you should? - ✔✔Pulse and Resp at same time
radial pulse keep hold then count resp w/o them knowing. Temp-tempanic (ear) or
temporal, axillary or oral depending on child BP- correct size cuff, prepare child that
their arm is going to get a "hug"
✔✔diastolic pressure
systolic pressure
Pulse pressure - ✔✔-pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest
-pressure in the arteries when the heart is at its peak
- Systolic minus diastolic equals pulse pressure
✔✔Auscultate - ✔✔To listen to sounds within an organ with a stethoscope.
✔✔palpate - ✔✔examine (a part of the body) by touch, especially for medical purposes.
✔✔percussion - ✔✔a diagnostic procedure designed to determine the density of a body
part by the sound produced by tapping the surface with the fingers
✔✔When assessing adults vitals, you should? - ✔✔(12 and up, size of cuff depend on
size of pt) Temp-orally, tempanic, axillary Pulse- radial Resp-counted after pulse BP-
size of cuff
✔✔IADLs (instrumental activities of daily living) - ✔✔actions that require some
intellectual competence and forethought, more complex activities. Laundry, shopping for
,groceries, using a telephone, cooking, shopping, housekeeping, finances, taking
medications, preparing meals, fixing things around the house, lawn care,etc.
✔✔Standing orders and protocols allow patient care to be shared among non-clinician
members of the care team, like medical assistants and nurses. What are the
differences? - ✔✔Standard orders are:
-Preprinted documents containing info on guidelines, monitoring, etc.
-Used in urgent or emergent scenarios in which immediate actions must be taken to
support patient.
-Initiated by Nurse.
- Responsible provider (generally attending physician) must sign standing orders at time
of or as soon as possible after execution of nurse-initiated order(s).
Protocols:
-Protocols are used pro-actively by providers to support likely/potential patient care
circumstances in which a pre-determined response can be identified. -Protocol must be
INITIATED/Ordered by Provider prior to nursing response "per protocol." Subsequent
actions based on the ordered protocol would be initiated by RN.
✔✔Levels of critical thinking in nursing - ✔✔1. Basic
2. Complex
3. Commitment
✔✔Components of Critical Thinking in Nursing - ✔✔I. Specific knowledge base in
nursing
II. Experience
III. Critical thinking competencies
IV. Attitudes for critical thinking
V. Standards for critical thinking
✔✔Nursing Model for clinical decision making - ✔✔Specific Knowledge base
Experience
Nursing competency
Attitudes for critical thinking
Professional standards
✔✔1st step in nursing process is called? - ✔✔Assess, involves gathering info about pts
condition
✔✔3rd step in the nursing process is called? - ✔✔Plan, setting goals and outcomes,
while identifying approriate nursing actions and predicted outcomes.
✔✔Domains of Nursing Practice - ✔✔• The Helping Role
• The Teaching-Coaching Function
• The Diagnostic and Patient-Monitoring Function
• Effective Management of Rapidly Changing Situations
, • Administering and Monitoring Therapeutic Interventions and Regimens
• Monitoring and Ensuring the Quality of Health Care Practices
• Organizational and Work-Role Competencies
✔✔Nursing Interventions - ✔✔any treatment, based on clinical judgment and
knowledge, that a nurse performs to enhance patient outcomes; there are nurse-
initiated, physician-initiated, and collaborative interventions
✔✔ANA is used for? - ✔✔Nurses Standards of Practice.
✔✔QSEN competencies - ✔✔Patient-Centered Care
Teamwork and Collaboration
Evidence-Based Practice
Quality Improvement
Safety
Informatics
✔✔In what form are the nurse and health care provider initiated interventions available?
- ✔✔Clinical guidelines, protocols, preprinted (standing) orders and the NIC
✔✔What are the three things that standing orders include? - ✔✔Conduct of routine
therapies, monitor guidelines and diagnostic procedures for specific patients
✔✔What are standing orders? - ✔✔Preprinted document that gives nurses the legal
protection to intervene rapidly when needed
✔✔What are the 5 factors to consider when preparing for implementation? - ✔✔Time
management, equipment, personnel, environment and patient
✔✔What are the 3 types of implementation skills? - ✔✔Cognitive, interpersonal and
psychomotor
✔✔NIC was developed by U of Iowa and offers - ✔✔a level of standardization to
enhance the communication of nursing care across settings and to compare outcomes.
✔✔Reasons to revise plan of care is needed : - ✔✔-When the pt status has changed
and the nursing dx is no longer appropriate.
Modification will require 4 steps to modify
✔✔Modification of an existing written care plan includes four steps: - ✔✔-Revise data
assessment.
-Revise the nursing diagnoses.
-Revise specific interventions.
-Determine how to evaluate whether you have achieved outcomes.
