NERC Final Exam SOS Questions With
Correct Answers
Of bthe bfollowing, bwhich bcontrol bsystem bwould bbe baffected bby ba bdifference bin bNet
bActual bInterchange band bNet bScheduled bInterchange?
a. bAutomatic bVoltage bRegulator
b. bReactive bControl
c. bAutomatic bGeneration bControl
d. bTurbine bGovernor bControl b- bcorrect banswers✔✔c. bAutomatic bGeneration bControl
Feedback: bBAL-005, bAutomatic bGeneration bControl b(AGC) bEquipment bautomatically
badjusts bgeneration bin ba bBalancing bAuthority bArea bfrom ba bcentral blocation bto
bmaintain bthe bBalancing bAuthority's binterchange bschedule bplus bFrequency bBias.
bAGC bis ba bprocess bdesigned band bused bto badjust ba bBalancing bAuthority bAreas'
bDemand band bresources bto bhelp bmaintain bthe bReporting bACE bin bthat bof ba
bBalancing bAuthority bArea bwithin bthe bbounds brequired bby bapplicable bNERC
bReliability bStandards. bGovernors barrest bfrequency bdeviations, bbut bAutomatic
bGeneration bControl b(AGC) bmaintains bgeneration bto ba bschedule. bIt bdoes bthis bby
bpulsing bthe bgenerator bgovernors bto beither bincrease bor bdecrease bmegawatt bas
bneeded.
How bis bthe bFrequency bResponse bObligation b(FRO) bof ba bFrequency bResponse
bSharing bGroup bdetermined?
a. bBy baveraging bthe bmembers' bFRO's.
b. bBy badding bthe bindividual bFRO's bof beach bmember.
c. bBy btaking bthe bmedian bFrequency bResponse bMeasure bof bthe bprevious byear.
d. bBy badding bthe bmember's bFrequency bResponse bMeasures bof bthe bprevious byear.
b- bcorrect banswers✔✔b. bBy badding bthe bindividual bFRO's bof beach bmember.
Feedback:
NERC ballows bBalancing bAuthorities bto bform bFrequency bResponse bSharing bGroups
b(FRSGs) bwith bother bBalancing bAuthorities bto bjointly bmeet btheir bFROs. bThese
bFRSGs bdetermine btheir bjoint bFRO bby badding bup bthe bmember's bindividual bFROs.
,NERC bStandard bBAL-001 bstates bthat ba bBalancing bAuthority's bclock-minute baverage
bof bReporting bACE breading bmust bnot bexceed bits bBalancing bAuthority bACE bLimit
b(BAAL) bfor bmore bthan b__________.
a. b30 bconsecutive bclock-minutes
b. b30 bclock bminutes bper bhour
c. b15 bconsecutive bclock-minutes
d. b90% bof b10-minute bperiods bin ba bmonth b- bcorrect banswers✔✔a. b30 bconsecutive
bclock-minutes
Feedback: bBAL-001, bReal bPower bBalancing bControl bPerformance
If ba bBalancing bAuthority bneeds bto boffset bthe bscheduled bfrequency bby b0.02 bHz,
bdue bto ban bInterconnection bwide btime berror bcorrection, bwhat badjustment bcan bthe
bBalancing bAuthority bmake bto bparticipate bInterconnection bwide btime berror bcorrection
bif bunable bto bchange bscheduled bfrequency?
a. bChange bthe bAGC bmode
b. bChanging bthe bB b(frequency bbias) bsetting bof bthe bACE bequation
c. bChanging bthe bgovernor bspeed bdroop bfrom b5% bto b4%
d. bOffset bits bNet bInterchange bSchedule(MW) bby ban bamount bequal bto bthe
bcomputed bbias bcontribution bduring ba b0.02 bHz bFrequency bDeviation b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔d. bOffset bits bNet bInterchange bSchedule(MW) bby ban bamount bequal bto
bthe bcomputed bbias bcontribution bduring ba b0.02 bHz bFrequency bDeviation
Feedback: bTime bError bCorrection bis bwhen bthe bInterconnection bschedules
bfrequency, bnormally b60.00 bHz bto b59.98 bHz bor b60.02 bHz bin border bto badjust bclocks
bthat bmay bbe beither bfast bor bslow bdue bto bthe bfrequency bfluctuations bof bthe bpower
bsystem. bIf bthe bBalancing bAuthority bcannot bchange bscheduled bfrequency bwhich
bwould bproduce b-10B b(+/-0.02) bvalue, bthey bshall boffset bits bNet bInterchange
bSchedule bby ban bamount bequal bto b20% bof bit bFrequency bBias b[10B b(0.02)]. bNERC
bStandard bBAL-004 band bTime bMonitoring bReference bDocument, b2016
A bBalancing bAuthority bhas ba bNet bInterchange bSchedule bof b-250 bMWs bfrom b1200
bto b1600 bon ba bsummer bday. bThe bNet bInterchange bActual bfor bthose bsame bhours
brespectively bwere b-230 bMW, b-275 bMW, b-250 bMW band b-270 bMW. bWhat bwas bthe
bBalancing bAuthority's bInadvertent bInterchange bfor bthe b4-hour bperiod?
a. b25 bMWs bin
b. b25 bMWs bout
c. b6 bMWs bout
d. b6 bMWs bin b- bcorrect banswers✔✔a. b25 bMWs bin
Feedback: bInadvertent bcalculation bis bafter bthe bhour band bthe bdifference bbetween
bNet bInterchange bActual band bNet bInterchange bScheduled.Inadvertent bfor bhour b1: b(-
230 b) b- b(-250) b= b+20Inadvertent bfor bhour b2: b(-275) b- b(-250) b= b-25Inadvertent bfor
, bhour b3: b(-250) b- b(-250) b= b0Inadvertent bfor bhour b4: b(-270) b- b(-250) b= b-20Net bfor
bthe bperiod b= b- b25
Balancing bAuthority bA bis bcurrently breading ba bsystem bfrequency bof b59.98 bHz. bIts
bNet bActual bInterchange bis b+100 bMW band bits bNet bScheduled bInterchange bis b+100
bMW. bIf bBalancing bAuthority bA's bfrequency bbias bsetting bis b100 bMW/0.1 bHZ, bwhat
bis bACE?
a. b-20
b. b0
c. b20
d. b2 b- bcorrect banswers✔✔a. b-20
Feedback: bACE b= b(100 b- b100) b- b[-1000 b(59.98 b- b60.00)]ACE b= b0 b- b(-1000)
b(-.02)ACE b= b0 b- b20ACE b= b-20
A bBalancing bAuthority bhas ba bnormal bgeneration bcapacity bof bapproximately b9400
bMW band bits bmost bsevere bsingle bcontingency bis ban b800 bMW bcoal-fired bsteam
bunit. bAt b1430, bwith ban bACE bvalue bof b20 bMW, ba b600-MW bgenerator btrips boff-line
bas bthe bresult bof ba bgenerator bdifferential. bThis bresulted bin ba blarge bnegative bACE
bfor bthe bBalancing bAuthority. bWhat bvalue bmust bthe bACE breturn bto band bin bwhat
btime bframe bto bavoid ba bDCS bviolation?
a. bThis bdoes bnot bconstitute ba breportable bdisturbance.
b. bMust breturn bACE bto b0 bMW bin b10 bminutes.
c. bMust breturn bACE bto b20 bMW bin b15 bminutes.
d. bMust breturn bACE bto b0 bMW bin b15 bminutes. b- bcorrect banswers✔✔a. bThis bdoes
bnot bconstitute ba breportable bdisturbance.
Feedback: bThe bDCS bcriteria bapplies bto ba bsudden bloss bof bgeneration bthat bexceeds
b80% bof bthe bBalancing bAuthorities bmost bsevere bsingle bcontingency, bor bin bthis
bcase b80% bof b800 bMWs bwhich bis b640 bMWs. bSince bonly b600 bMWs bwere blost, bthe
bDCS bcriteria bdoes bnot bapply. bHowever, bthe bBA bshould breturn bACE bas bquickly bas
bpossible.BAL-002
At b0420 bhours, bInterconnection bfrequency bis b60.035 bHz. bBalancing bAuthority bA's
bACE b= b-50 bMW. bThe bBA's bFrequency bBias bis b50 bMW/0.1 bHz. bAt b0450 bhours,
bFrequency bis b60.01 bHz band bACE b= b-5 bMW. bFrequency bwas bhigh bthe bwhole
bhour band bBalancing bAuthority bA's binadvertent bfor bthe bhour bwas b-55 bMW. bFrom
bthe bgiven binformation, bwhich bof bthe bfollowing bstatements bcan bbe bconfirmed bas
btrue?
a. bThe bBalancing bAuthority bexperienced ba bdisturbance bduring bthe bperiod
b. bThe bBalancing bAuthority bdid bnot bviolate bBAAL bduring bthe bperiod
c. bThe bBalancing bAuthority's bInadvertent bis boutside bof brange
Correct Answers
Of bthe bfollowing, bwhich bcontrol bsystem bwould bbe baffected bby ba bdifference bin bNet
bActual bInterchange band bNet bScheduled bInterchange?
a. bAutomatic bVoltage bRegulator
b. bReactive bControl
c. bAutomatic bGeneration bControl
d. bTurbine bGovernor bControl b- bcorrect banswers✔✔c. bAutomatic bGeneration bControl
Feedback: bBAL-005, bAutomatic bGeneration bControl b(AGC) bEquipment bautomatically
badjusts bgeneration bin ba bBalancing bAuthority bArea bfrom ba bcentral blocation bto
bmaintain bthe bBalancing bAuthority's binterchange bschedule bplus bFrequency bBias.
bAGC bis ba bprocess bdesigned band bused bto badjust ba bBalancing bAuthority bAreas'
bDemand band bresources bto bhelp bmaintain bthe bReporting bACE bin bthat bof ba
bBalancing bAuthority bArea bwithin bthe bbounds brequired bby bapplicable bNERC
bReliability bStandards. bGovernors barrest bfrequency bdeviations, bbut bAutomatic
bGeneration bControl b(AGC) bmaintains bgeneration bto ba bschedule. bIt bdoes bthis bby
bpulsing bthe bgenerator bgovernors bto beither bincrease bor bdecrease bmegawatt bas
bneeded.
How bis bthe bFrequency bResponse bObligation b(FRO) bof ba bFrequency bResponse
bSharing bGroup bdetermined?
a. bBy baveraging bthe bmembers' bFRO's.
b. bBy badding bthe bindividual bFRO's bof beach bmember.
c. bBy btaking bthe bmedian bFrequency bResponse bMeasure bof bthe bprevious byear.
d. bBy badding bthe bmember's bFrequency bResponse bMeasures bof bthe bprevious byear.
b- bcorrect banswers✔✔b. bBy badding bthe bindividual bFRO's bof beach bmember.
Feedback:
NERC ballows bBalancing bAuthorities bto bform bFrequency bResponse bSharing bGroups
b(FRSGs) bwith bother bBalancing bAuthorities bto bjointly bmeet btheir bFROs. bThese
bFRSGs bdetermine btheir bjoint bFRO bby badding bup bthe bmember's bindividual bFROs.
,NERC bStandard bBAL-001 bstates bthat ba bBalancing bAuthority's bclock-minute baverage
bof bReporting bACE breading bmust bnot bexceed bits bBalancing bAuthority bACE bLimit
b(BAAL) bfor bmore bthan b__________.
a. b30 bconsecutive bclock-minutes
b. b30 bclock bminutes bper bhour
c. b15 bconsecutive bclock-minutes
d. b90% bof b10-minute bperiods bin ba bmonth b- bcorrect banswers✔✔a. b30 bconsecutive
bclock-minutes
Feedback: bBAL-001, bReal bPower bBalancing bControl bPerformance
If ba bBalancing bAuthority bneeds bto boffset bthe bscheduled bfrequency bby b0.02 bHz,
bdue bto ban bInterconnection bwide btime berror bcorrection, bwhat badjustment bcan bthe
bBalancing bAuthority bmake bto bparticipate bInterconnection bwide btime berror bcorrection
bif bunable bto bchange bscheduled bfrequency?
a. bChange bthe bAGC bmode
b. bChanging bthe bB b(frequency bbias) bsetting bof bthe bACE bequation
c. bChanging bthe bgovernor bspeed bdroop bfrom b5% bto b4%
d. bOffset bits bNet bInterchange bSchedule(MW) bby ban bamount bequal bto bthe
bcomputed bbias bcontribution bduring ba b0.02 bHz bFrequency bDeviation b- bcorrect
banswers✔✔d. bOffset bits bNet bInterchange bSchedule(MW) bby ban bamount bequal bto
bthe bcomputed bbias bcontribution bduring ba b0.02 bHz bFrequency bDeviation
Feedback: bTime bError bCorrection bis bwhen bthe bInterconnection bschedules
bfrequency, bnormally b60.00 bHz bto b59.98 bHz bor b60.02 bHz bin border bto badjust bclocks
bthat bmay bbe beither bfast bor bslow bdue bto bthe bfrequency bfluctuations bof bthe bpower
bsystem. bIf bthe bBalancing bAuthority bcannot bchange bscheduled bfrequency bwhich
bwould bproduce b-10B b(+/-0.02) bvalue, bthey bshall boffset bits bNet bInterchange
bSchedule bby ban bamount bequal bto b20% bof bit bFrequency bBias b[10B b(0.02)]. bNERC
bStandard bBAL-004 band bTime bMonitoring bReference bDocument, b2016
A bBalancing bAuthority bhas ba bNet bInterchange bSchedule bof b-250 bMWs bfrom b1200
bto b1600 bon ba bsummer bday. bThe bNet bInterchange bActual bfor bthose bsame bhours
brespectively bwere b-230 bMW, b-275 bMW, b-250 bMW band b-270 bMW. bWhat bwas bthe
bBalancing bAuthority's bInadvertent bInterchange bfor bthe b4-hour bperiod?
a. b25 bMWs bin
b. b25 bMWs bout
c. b6 bMWs bout
d. b6 bMWs bin b- bcorrect banswers✔✔a. b25 bMWs bin
Feedback: bInadvertent bcalculation bis bafter bthe bhour band bthe bdifference bbetween
bNet bInterchange bActual band bNet bInterchange bScheduled.Inadvertent bfor bhour b1: b(-
230 b) b- b(-250) b= b+20Inadvertent bfor bhour b2: b(-275) b- b(-250) b= b-25Inadvertent bfor
, bhour b3: b(-250) b- b(-250) b= b0Inadvertent bfor bhour b4: b(-270) b- b(-250) b= b-20Net bfor
bthe bperiod b= b- b25
Balancing bAuthority bA bis bcurrently breading ba bsystem bfrequency bof b59.98 bHz. bIts
bNet bActual bInterchange bis b+100 bMW band bits bNet bScheduled bInterchange bis b+100
bMW. bIf bBalancing bAuthority bA's bfrequency bbias bsetting bis b100 bMW/0.1 bHZ, bwhat
bis bACE?
a. b-20
b. b0
c. b20
d. b2 b- bcorrect banswers✔✔a. b-20
Feedback: bACE b= b(100 b- b100) b- b[-1000 b(59.98 b- b60.00)]ACE b= b0 b- b(-1000)
b(-.02)ACE b= b0 b- b20ACE b= b-20
A bBalancing bAuthority bhas ba bnormal bgeneration bcapacity bof bapproximately b9400
bMW band bits bmost bsevere bsingle bcontingency bis ban b800 bMW bcoal-fired bsteam
bunit. bAt b1430, bwith ban bACE bvalue bof b20 bMW, ba b600-MW bgenerator btrips boff-line
bas bthe bresult bof ba bgenerator bdifferential. bThis bresulted bin ba blarge bnegative bACE
bfor bthe bBalancing bAuthority. bWhat bvalue bmust bthe bACE breturn bto band bin bwhat
btime bframe bto bavoid ba bDCS bviolation?
a. bThis bdoes bnot bconstitute ba breportable bdisturbance.
b. bMust breturn bACE bto b0 bMW bin b10 bminutes.
c. bMust breturn bACE bto b20 bMW bin b15 bminutes.
d. bMust breturn bACE bto b0 bMW bin b15 bminutes. b- bcorrect banswers✔✔a. bThis bdoes
bnot bconstitute ba breportable bdisturbance.
Feedback: bThe bDCS bcriteria bapplies bto ba bsudden bloss bof bgeneration bthat bexceeds
b80% bof bthe bBalancing bAuthorities bmost bsevere bsingle bcontingency, bor bin bthis
bcase b80% bof b800 bMWs bwhich bis b640 bMWs. bSince bonly b600 bMWs bwere blost, bthe
bDCS bcriteria bdoes bnot bapply. bHowever, bthe bBA bshould breturn bACE bas bquickly bas
bpossible.BAL-002
At b0420 bhours, bInterconnection bfrequency bis b60.035 bHz. bBalancing bAuthority bA's
bACE b= b-50 bMW. bThe bBA's bFrequency bBias bis b50 bMW/0.1 bHz. bAt b0450 bhours,
bFrequency bis b60.01 bHz band bACE b= b-5 bMW. bFrequency bwas bhigh bthe bwhole
bhour band bBalancing bAuthority bA's binadvertent bfor bthe bhour bwas b-55 bMW. bFrom
bthe bgiven binformation, bwhich bof bthe bfollowing bstatements bcan bbe bconfirmed bas
btrue?
a. bThe bBalancing bAuthority bexperienced ba bdisturbance bduring bthe bperiod
b. bThe bBalancing bAuthority bdid bnot bviolate bBAAL bduring bthe bperiod
c. bThe bBalancing bAuthority's bInadvertent bis boutside bof brange
