HIEU 242 Exam 3 Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest 2025
Versailles treaty - Answers Agreement between the allied and central powers. It was the primary treaty
produced by the Paris Peace Conference at the end of WWI. Took place in the Hall of Mirrors in the
Palace of Versailles and was signed in june 28, 1919
War guilt clause - Answers Put on Germany. They were forced to accept complete responsibility for WWI
and required to make reparation payments. Took place as a part of the versailles treaty. Happened after
the end of WWI in 1919.
League of Nations - Answers Involved GB, France, Japan and Italy. Was the first intergovernmental
organization established to promote international cooperation and to achieve international peace and
security. Came after WWI in 1920.
Weimar Republic - Answers Given to the German government. The established government after their
loss in WWI. Lasted between 1918-1933, the beginning of Nazi Germany.
Stab-in-the-back legend - Answers Hitler's idea that domestic enemies were blamed for the defeat in
WWII. The war wasn't lost on the battlefield but instead within internally. By domestic enemies such as
the Jews, left wing parities, and liberals. After 1918
Kellogg-Briand Pact - Answers Signed by France, US, UK, Ireland, Canada, etcc. Agreement to outlaw war
and have peace. Signed on August 27, 1928 in Paris.
Benito Mussolini - Answers Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935),
joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was
overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy.
Blackshirts - Answers Members of Italian fascists before WWII. It was led by Mussolini. Helped solidify
Mussolini's control
March on Rome - Answers A strike "led" by Mussolini in October 1922 (who was no where to be found
during this March) in which 30,000 or so Blackshirts marched to Rome and Mussolini was legally put into
power
Totalitarianism - Answers Term coined by Mussolini in the early 1920s to characterize the fascist state of
Italy. It is a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience
to the state.
Comintern - Answers Founded by Vladimir Lenin. International organization founded in 1919 that
advocated for world communism, and which was led and controlled by the Communist Party of the SU,
Russia
Magnitogorsk - Answers (1930s) a result of Stalin's Five Year Plan to modernize the Soviet Union; a
showcase of Soviet achievement; was the prime location for a steel plant to challenge western rivals;
thousands of forced laborers worked here in awful living conditions; water was rationed
, Josef Stalin - Answers Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communist Party after 1924, and
dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928-1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year
Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush all opposition.
Stakhanovites (1935) - Answers These were workers who exceeded their production targets. They were
rewarded with special status and perks like free holidays, cash bonuses and better housing. This was not
very socialist. It shows how Stalin was willing to sacrifice ideology for the sake of production.
Gulag - Answers in the Soviet Union, a system of forced labor camps in which millions of criminals and
political prisoners were held under Stalin. Around 1920s to the mid 50s.
Collectivization - Answers The process seen in the Soviet Union and Communist China to form communal
work units for agriculture and manufacturing--from private hands to large, collective, government
operations.
Five Year Plan - Answers plans outlined by Joseph Stalin in 1928 for the development of the Soviet
Union's economy
Show Trials (1936-1938) - Answers Public trials of Stalin's enemies to terrorize the population into
obedience
Terror Famine (Holodomor) - Answers 1932; result of the conflict between the kulaks and government
thus leading to starvation for the impoverished people starve; killed 5-8 million in Ukraine area
Kulaks - Answers Rich peasants in the Russian Empire who owned larger farms and used hired labour.
They were their own class.
Adolf Hitler - Answers Austrian-born founder of the German Nazi Party and chancellor of the Third Reich
(1933-1945). His fascist philosophy, embodied in Mein Kampf (1925-1927), attracted widespread
support, and after 1934 he ruled as an absolute dictator. Hitler's pursuit of aggressive nationalist policies
resulted in the invasion of Poland (1939) and the subsequent outbreak of World War II. His regime was
infamous for the extermination of millions of people, especially European Jews. He committed suicide
when the collapse of the Third Reich was imminent (1945).
Beer Hall Putsch (1923) - Answers Hitler's abortive attempt—in the wake of the inflation crisis—to
topple the pro-Weimar government in Munich; sent to prison for five years where he wrote his
incendiary autobiography Mein Kampf; importantly, Hitler realized that the Nazis could not overthrow
the Weimar Republic by force, but would have to use constitutional means to gain power
Mein Kampf (My Struggle) - Answers Work written by Hitler while in prison in 1923; the book outlines
his policies for German expansion, war, and elimination of non-Aryans
Reichstag Fire - Answers February, 1933; the Reichstag was set on Fire by a secret order of Joesef
Goebbels; called a communist plot;Hitler convinced president Hindenburg to suspend all civil rights for
Communists, socialists, liberals, and trade unionists
Versailles treaty - Answers Agreement between the allied and central powers. It was the primary treaty
produced by the Paris Peace Conference at the end of WWI. Took place in the Hall of Mirrors in the
Palace of Versailles and was signed in june 28, 1919
War guilt clause - Answers Put on Germany. They were forced to accept complete responsibility for WWI
and required to make reparation payments. Took place as a part of the versailles treaty. Happened after
the end of WWI in 1919.
League of Nations - Answers Involved GB, France, Japan and Italy. Was the first intergovernmental
organization established to promote international cooperation and to achieve international peace and
security. Came after WWI in 1920.
Weimar Republic - Answers Given to the German government. The established government after their
loss in WWI. Lasted between 1918-1933, the beginning of Nazi Germany.
Stab-in-the-back legend - Answers Hitler's idea that domestic enemies were blamed for the defeat in
WWII. The war wasn't lost on the battlefield but instead within internally. By domestic enemies such as
the Jews, left wing parities, and liberals. After 1918
Kellogg-Briand Pact - Answers Signed by France, US, UK, Ireland, Canada, etcc. Agreement to outlaw war
and have peace. Signed on August 27, 1928 in Paris.
Benito Mussolini - Answers Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935),
joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was
overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy.
Blackshirts - Answers Members of Italian fascists before WWII. It was led by Mussolini. Helped solidify
Mussolini's control
March on Rome - Answers A strike "led" by Mussolini in October 1922 (who was no where to be found
during this March) in which 30,000 or so Blackshirts marched to Rome and Mussolini was legally put into
power
Totalitarianism - Answers Term coined by Mussolini in the early 1920s to characterize the fascist state of
Italy. It is a system of government that is centralized and dictatorial and requires complete subservience
to the state.
Comintern - Answers Founded by Vladimir Lenin. International organization founded in 1919 that
advocated for world communism, and which was led and controlled by the Communist Party of the SU,
Russia
Magnitogorsk - Answers (1930s) a result of Stalin's Five Year Plan to modernize the Soviet Union; a
showcase of Soviet achievement; was the prime location for a steel plant to challenge western rivals;
thousands of forced laborers worked here in awful living conditions; water was rationed
, Josef Stalin - Answers Bolshevik revolutionary, head of the Soviet Communist Party after 1924, and
dictator of the Soviet Union from 1928-1953. He led the Soviet Union with an iron fist, using Five-Year
Plans to increase industrial production and terror to crush all opposition.
Stakhanovites (1935) - Answers These were workers who exceeded their production targets. They were
rewarded with special status and perks like free holidays, cash bonuses and better housing. This was not
very socialist. It shows how Stalin was willing to sacrifice ideology for the sake of production.
Gulag - Answers in the Soviet Union, a system of forced labor camps in which millions of criminals and
political prisoners were held under Stalin. Around 1920s to the mid 50s.
Collectivization - Answers The process seen in the Soviet Union and Communist China to form communal
work units for agriculture and manufacturing--from private hands to large, collective, government
operations.
Five Year Plan - Answers plans outlined by Joseph Stalin in 1928 for the development of the Soviet
Union's economy
Show Trials (1936-1938) - Answers Public trials of Stalin's enemies to terrorize the population into
obedience
Terror Famine (Holodomor) - Answers 1932; result of the conflict between the kulaks and government
thus leading to starvation for the impoverished people starve; killed 5-8 million in Ukraine area
Kulaks - Answers Rich peasants in the Russian Empire who owned larger farms and used hired labour.
They were their own class.
Adolf Hitler - Answers Austrian-born founder of the German Nazi Party and chancellor of the Third Reich
(1933-1945). His fascist philosophy, embodied in Mein Kampf (1925-1927), attracted widespread
support, and after 1934 he ruled as an absolute dictator. Hitler's pursuit of aggressive nationalist policies
resulted in the invasion of Poland (1939) and the subsequent outbreak of World War II. His regime was
infamous for the extermination of millions of people, especially European Jews. He committed suicide
when the collapse of the Third Reich was imminent (1945).
Beer Hall Putsch (1923) - Answers Hitler's abortive attempt—in the wake of the inflation crisis—to
topple the pro-Weimar government in Munich; sent to prison for five years where he wrote his
incendiary autobiography Mein Kampf; importantly, Hitler realized that the Nazis could not overthrow
the Weimar Republic by force, but would have to use constitutional means to gain power
Mein Kampf (My Struggle) - Answers Work written by Hitler while in prison in 1923; the book outlines
his policies for German expansion, war, and elimination of non-Aryans
Reichstag Fire - Answers February, 1933; the Reichstag was set on Fire by a secret order of Joesef
Goebbels; called a communist plot;Hitler convinced president Hindenburg to suspend all civil rights for
Communists, socialists, liberals, and trade unionists
