AHN 447 Final Stuff Exam Questions
Complete Verified Answers New
Update
Where is the Blood Made?
-Babies/children
•In children, hematopoiesis occurs in the marrow of the long bones such as the ______
and tibia
-Adults
•In adults, hematopoiesis occurs mainly in the (______ bones) pelvis, cranium,
vertebrae, ribs, and sternum
•As we age the bone marrow in the tibia and femur turns to _____ marrow but can be
turned back to red marrow if we need it.
•In the meantime that yellow marrow stores fat and energy supply. - Answers -✔✔
femur; flat; yellow
Broken up into two different types of cells from stem cells
-_______ line
•Erythrocytes (RBCs)
•Mast cells
•Megakaryocyte
•Thrombocytes (platelets)
•Myeloblasts
•Neutrophils
•Basophils
•Eosinipphils
•Monocytes
o Macrophages
-_______ line
•Natural killer cell (large granular lymphocyte)
•Small lymphocytes
•T-lymphocyte
•B-lymphocytes
o Plasma cell - Answers -✔✔ Myeloid; Lymphoid
•Formed elements are the actual cells in the blood. 45% of blood is the cells of the
blood
•In the formed elements: Leukocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophil,
basophils), platelets, and RBCs
•The leukocytes are less than 1% of the formed elements in the blood.
,•RBCs make up ____% of the formed elements part of blood - Answers -✔✔ 99;
•Low threshold for platelets _________
Petechiae
Bleeding bruising - Answers -✔✔ 150,000
•Plasma
oProtein 7%, water 91%, oOther solutes 2%
oPale, yellow liquid-mostly water. Contains dissolved substances.
oProteins
•3-4xs more protein than interstitial fluid
•Albumin represents _____ source of protein in the plasma responsible for oncotic pull
•______ are the main components of antibodies (IgA, IgM, etc.)
•Fibrinogen-waiting to be activated to fibrin for clot formation
•Prothrombin - Answers -✔✔ largest; Globulins
On the arterial side the ______ pressure is greater. On the venous end of the capillary
bed the ________ pull is greater. certain things are pushed into the interstitial space like
oxygen, glucose, electrolytes.
When we have oncotic pull on the venous end we are puling out waste (CO2, metabolic
enzymes) - Answers -✔✔ hydrostatic; oncotic
Red Blood Cells (RBCs) a.k.a. erythrocytes: smooth, flexible, biconcave disc
RBCs produce hemoglobin (Hgb)
Normal RBCs ____-____ x10^6 for males. 4.0-4.9 for females
Life span of 120 days
Shape optimizes surface area
Has shape memory
No nucleus or organelles
_________- loses their red color. Basically not enough Hgb to carry the O2 they need
to.
Adequate iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and others are needed to produce adequate Hgb
and RBCs
RBC production is controlled by _________
Erythropoietin is made by the kidney to stimulate RBC production by the bone marrow
o Occurs when tissues experience decreased oxygen levels
o Reticulocytes are ______ RBCs
o Retic counts are a good indicator of erythropoietin activity.
• They are only immature for about a day and then they become mature RBCs
• Hemorrhage or bleeding could cause an increased Retic count
, • So bleeding problems can stimulate erythropoietin ac - Answers -✔✔ 4.5-5.5;
Hypochromic; erythropoietin; immature
White Blood Cells
Normal ____-_____
o Recognizes self vs. non-self
o Different types but most are formed in the bone marrow
o Each type of WBC has a specific function for inflammation or immunity
o WBCs have surface proteins meant to recognize non-self.
o You cannot transfuse WBCs. You would have a bad inflammatory response.
-Eosinophil's - strawberry muffins. -Basophils- blueberry muffins
______ make up the major component of pus
________- release histamine and heparin in response to tissue damage
• These help get more blood and immune response to a site
o Lymphocytes- natural killer t cell and b cells - Answers -✔✔ 4,500-11,000;
Neutrophils; Basophils
Platelets a.k.a thrombocytes:
Normal ____-_____ mcg/L
oLife span of 1-2 weeks
oRemember these are part of the _______ line.
oThey are like fragments of the megakaryocyte that fall off during its maturation
oSmallest blood cell
oBegins repair and clotting by sticking to each other and injured cells to form plugs
•Produces substances important for the clotting cascade
oFormed in the ___ ______; 80% circulate while 20% stored in the _______ until
needed
o Important for recognizes injury to you.
o Production controlled by thrombopoietin
______ activates platelets. Once a platelet is activated it activated more platelets
o Coronary arteries occlude suddenly from platelet activation at the plaque rupture site
o Platelets are like the brick of a wall and fibrin is the mortar - Answers -✔✔ 150,000-
400,000; myeloid; bone marrow; spleen; Collagen;
The role of the liver and spleen
-The liver
•Primary production site for the _____, prothrombin and most blood-clotting factors
•Important role for elimination of senescent RBCs and heme though bilirubin cycle
•Bile production and delivery to the GI tract s critical for formation of Vitamin ___ (fat
soluble vitamin) in the intestines
•If you can't break down fats you have diarrhea and foamy stinky poop that floats
(Steatorrhea)
Complete Verified Answers New
Update
Where is the Blood Made?
-Babies/children
•In children, hematopoiesis occurs in the marrow of the long bones such as the ______
and tibia
-Adults
•In adults, hematopoiesis occurs mainly in the (______ bones) pelvis, cranium,
vertebrae, ribs, and sternum
•As we age the bone marrow in the tibia and femur turns to _____ marrow but can be
turned back to red marrow if we need it.
•In the meantime that yellow marrow stores fat and energy supply. - Answers -✔✔
femur; flat; yellow
Broken up into two different types of cells from stem cells
-_______ line
•Erythrocytes (RBCs)
•Mast cells
•Megakaryocyte
•Thrombocytes (platelets)
•Myeloblasts
•Neutrophils
•Basophils
•Eosinipphils
•Monocytes
o Macrophages
-_______ line
•Natural killer cell (large granular lymphocyte)
•Small lymphocytes
•T-lymphocyte
•B-lymphocytes
o Plasma cell - Answers -✔✔ Myeloid; Lymphoid
•Formed elements are the actual cells in the blood. 45% of blood is the cells of the
blood
•In the formed elements: Leukocytes (neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophil,
basophils), platelets, and RBCs
•The leukocytes are less than 1% of the formed elements in the blood.
,•RBCs make up ____% of the formed elements part of blood - Answers -✔✔ 99;
•Low threshold for platelets _________
Petechiae
Bleeding bruising - Answers -✔✔ 150,000
•Plasma
oProtein 7%, water 91%, oOther solutes 2%
oPale, yellow liquid-mostly water. Contains dissolved substances.
oProteins
•3-4xs more protein than interstitial fluid
•Albumin represents _____ source of protein in the plasma responsible for oncotic pull
•______ are the main components of antibodies (IgA, IgM, etc.)
•Fibrinogen-waiting to be activated to fibrin for clot formation
•Prothrombin - Answers -✔✔ largest; Globulins
On the arterial side the ______ pressure is greater. On the venous end of the capillary
bed the ________ pull is greater. certain things are pushed into the interstitial space like
oxygen, glucose, electrolytes.
When we have oncotic pull on the venous end we are puling out waste (CO2, metabolic
enzymes) - Answers -✔✔ hydrostatic; oncotic
Red Blood Cells (RBCs) a.k.a. erythrocytes: smooth, flexible, biconcave disc
RBCs produce hemoglobin (Hgb)
Normal RBCs ____-____ x10^6 for males. 4.0-4.9 for females
Life span of 120 days
Shape optimizes surface area
Has shape memory
No nucleus or organelles
_________- loses their red color. Basically not enough Hgb to carry the O2 they need
to.
Adequate iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, and others are needed to produce adequate Hgb
and RBCs
RBC production is controlled by _________
Erythropoietin is made by the kidney to stimulate RBC production by the bone marrow
o Occurs when tissues experience decreased oxygen levels
o Reticulocytes are ______ RBCs
o Retic counts are a good indicator of erythropoietin activity.
• They are only immature for about a day and then they become mature RBCs
• Hemorrhage or bleeding could cause an increased Retic count
, • So bleeding problems can stimulate erythropoietin ac - Answers -✔✔ 4.5-5.5;
Hypochromic; erythropoietin; immature
White Blood Cells
Normal ____-_____
o Recognizes self vs. non-self
o Different types but most are formed in the bone marrow
o Each type of WBC has a specific function for inflammation or immunity
o WBCs have surface proteins meant to recognize non-self.
o You cannot transfuse WBCs. You would have a bad inflammatory response.
-Eosinophil's - strawberry muffins. -Basophils- blueberry muffins
______ make up the major component of pus
________- release histamine and heparin in response to tissue damage
• These help get more blood and immune response to a site
o Lymphocytes- natural killer t cell and b cells - Answers -✔✔ 4,500-11,000;
Neutrophils; Basophils
Platelets a.k.a thrombocytes:
Normal ____-_____ mcg/L
oLife span of 1-2 weeks
oRemember these are part of the _______ line.
oThey are like fragments of the megakaryocyte that fall off during its maturation
oSmallest blood cell
oBegins repair and clotting by sticking to each other and injured cells to form plugs
•Produces substances important for the clotting cascade
oFormed in the ___ ______; 80% circulate while 20% stored in the _______ until
needed
o Important for recognizes injury to you.
o Production controlled by thrombopoietin
______ activates platelets. Once a platelet is activated it activated more platelets
o Coronary arteries occlude suddenly from platelet activation at the plaque rupture site
o Platelets are like the brick of a wall and fibrin is the mortar - Answers -✔✔ 150,000-
400,000; myeloid; bone marrow; spleen; Collagen;
The role of the liver and spleen
-The liver
•Primary production site for the _____, prothrombin and most blood-clotting factors
•Important role for elimination of senescent RBCs and heme though bilirubin cycle
•Bile production and delivery to the GI tract s critical for formation of Vitamin ___ (fat
soluble vitamin) in the intestines
•If you can't break down fats you have diarrhea and foamy stinky poop that floats
(Steatorrhea)
