NURS 1141 EXAM 1QUESTIONS WITH
SMPLIFIED SOLUTIONS
Biguanide oral hypoglycemic mechanism of action ANSW✅✅Decreases hepatic glucose
production by inhibiting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, reducing absorption of glucose from
the intestines, increasing insulin sensitivity
Biguanide oral hypoglycemic uses ANSW✅✅Treats type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin must be
present in order for this medication to work, lowers blood glucose levels
Biguanide oral hypoglycemic common adverse effects ANSW✅✅N/V, anorexia, abdominal
cramps, flatulence
Biguanide oral hypoglycemics drug interactions ANSW✅✅Enhancing effect: digoxin, lasix,
morphine, all block excretion
Decreasing effects: corticosteroids, diuretics, oral contraceptives, thyroid replacement hormones, all
increase hyperglycemia
Biguanide oral hypoglycemics nursing implications ANSW✅✅Measure glucose, A1C levels,
monitor diet (NPO patients should not be given insulin)
Biguanide oral hypoglycemics dosage forms ANSW✅✅Immediate release or extended release
tablets
Biguanide oral hypoglycemics precautions ANSW✅✅Do not take 24-48 hours before procedures
using radiopaque dyes, can restart the medication 2-3 days after procedure, take with meals to
reduce common side effects and effects should subside
Biguanide oral hypoglycemics serious adverse effects ANSW✅✅Malaise, myalgias, respiratory
distress, hypotension, lactic acidosis, radiopaque dyes can cause renal insufficiency if mixed
Biguanide oral hypoglycemics examples ANSW✅✅Metformin (glucophage), most given in the
hospital
, Sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemics mechanism of action ANSW✅✅Stimulates the release of insulin
from beta cells of the pancreas, diminishes glucose production by the liver
Sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemics uses ANSW✅✅Effective in controlling blood glucose level in type
2 diabetics
Sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemics nursing implications ANSW✅✅Diet, A1C, blood glucose, monitor
patient for sore throat, fever, purple rash on skin, jaundice, increasing weakness, blood levels
(Increases risk for infection)
Sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemics dosage forms ANSW✅✅Tablets 5-10mg, extended release
tablets 2.5-5-10mg/day
Sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemics common adverse effects ANSW✅✅N/V, anorexia, abdominal
cramps, should subside with continued therapy
Sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemics serious adverse effects ANSW✅✅Hypoglycemia, hepatotoxicity,
blood dyscrasias, dermatological reactions
Sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemics precautions ANSW✅✅Patients with an allergy to sulfonamides
may be allergic to Sulfonylureas
Sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemics interactions ANSW✅✅Beta blockers can cause hypoglycemia and
mask the symptoms, refrain from drinking alcohol or using mouthwashes that contain alcohol
Sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemics example ANSW✅✅Glipizide (glucotrol)
Meglitinide oral hypoglycemics mechanism of action ANSW✅✅Stimulate release of insulin from
beta cells of the pancreas
Meglitinide oral hypoglycemics uses ANSW✅✅Effective in patients with type 2 diabetes,
sometimes used in combination with metformin due to short acting properties, may need to be
taken 4x a day
SMPLIFIED SOLUTIONS
Biguanide oral hypoglycemic mechanism of action ANSW✅✅Decreases hepatic glucose
production by inhibiting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, reducing absorption of glucose from
the intestines, increasing insulin sensitivity
Biguanide oral hypoglycemic uses ANSW✅✅Treats type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin must be
present in order for this medication to work, lowers blood glucose levels
Biguanide oral hypoglycemic common adverse effects ANSW✅✅N/V, anorexia, abdominal
cramps, flatulence
Biguanide oral hypoglycemics drug interactions ANSW✅✅Enhancing effect: digoxin, lasix,
morphine, all block excretion
Decreasing effects: corticosteroids, diuretics, oral contraceptives, thyroid replacement hormones, all
increase hyperglycemia
Biguanide oral hypoglycemics nursing implications ANSW✅✅Measure glucose, A1C levels,
monitor diet (NPO patients should not be given insulin)
Biguanide oral hypoglycemics dosage forms ANSW✅✅Immediate release or extended release
tablets
Biguanide oral hypoglycemics precautions ANSW✅✅Do not take 24-48 hours before procedures
using radiopaque dyes, can restart the medication 2-3 days after procedure, take with meals to
reduce common side effects and effects should subside
Biguanide oral hypoglycemics serious adverse effects ANSW✅✅Malaise, myalgias, respiratory
distress, hypotension, lactic acidosis, radiopaque dyes can cause renal insufficiency if mixed
Biguanide oral hypoglycemics examples ANSW✅✅Metformin (glucophage), most given in the
hospital
, Sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemics mechanism of action ANSW✅✅Stimulates the release of insulin
from beta cells of the pancreas, diminishes glucose production by the liver
Sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemics uses ANSW✅✅Effective in controlling blood glucose level in type
2 diabetics
Sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemics nursing implications ANSW✅✅Diet, A1C, blood glucose, monitor
patient for sore throat, fever, purple rash on skin, jaundice, increasing weakness, blood levels
(Increases risk for infection)
Sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemics dosage forms ANSW✅✅Tablets 5-10mg, extended release
tablets 2.5-5-10mg/day
Sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemics common adverse effects ANSW✅✅N/V, anorexia, abdominal
cramps, should subside with continued therapy
Sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemics serious adverse effects ANSW✅✅Hypoglycemia, hepatotoxicity,
blood dyscrasias, dermatological reactions
Sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemics precautions ANSW✅✅Patients with an allergy to sulfonamides
may be allergic to Sulfonylureas
Sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemics interactions ANSW✅✅Beta blockers can cause hypoglycemia and
mask the symptoms, refrain from drinking alcohol or using mouthwashes that contain alcohol
Sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemics example ANSW✅✅Glipizide (glucotrol)
Meglitinide oral hypoglycemics mechanism of action ANSW✅✅Stimulate release of insulin from
beta cells of the pancreas
Meglitinide oral hypoglycemics uses ANSW✅✅Effective in patients with type 2 diabetes,
sometimes used in combination with metformin due to short acting properties, may need to be
taken 4x a day
